Researchers have kept records of
vocalisations of a group of adult chimps from the Netherlands before and after the move to Edinburgh zoo.
Symptoms may include confusion or disorientation, restlessness at night, decreased activity level, inability to control urination and defecation, separation anxiety, aggression, noise phobias and
increased vocalisation via howling or barking.
From an early age, human infants are able to produce
vocalisations in a wide range of emotional states and situations — an ability felt to be one of the factors required for the development of language.
But he also answers the question: most
animal vocalisations seem to be under emotional, not cognitive, control.
People had earlier speculated that giraffes are unable to produce any substantial sounds because it is physically difficult for them to generate sufficient airflow through their long necks to
produce vocalisations.
This relationship between unlearned calls and an area of the brain responsible for
learned vocalisations is important for understanding the evolution of song learning in songbirds.
Cats will use
vocalisation for a number of reasons: to greet their owners after a period of absence, communicate mood, alert their owner to danger or to request something.
David Ostry, who
studies vocalisation in deaf people at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, says that deaf people may learn to laugh by watching how hearing people do it.
Their reactions were analysed by measuring a number of factors
including vocalisation, eye dilation, and ear, tail, and head movement.
Likewise, emotionally charged
dog vocalisations - such as whimpering or angry barking - also caused a similar reaction in all volunteers,
«Seles's grunt may be an expression of emphasis, with synchronisation of
vocalisation with the stroke.»
Katie Slocombe of the University of York, UK, and her team recorded
vocalisations by a group of adult chimps from the Netherlands before and after their relocation to Edinburgh Zoo.
Barking vocalisations from the male, never heard in more than 2000 hours of monitoring the group, were also heard.
Given the extent to which birds rely
on vocalisation and how much effort has gone into the study of their calls and songs, it is remarkable how little we still know about their hearing.
But the brain synchrony we were observing was at such high time - scales — of three to nine oscillations per second — that we still need to figure out how exactly eye gaze and
vocalisations create it.»
Bottlenose dolphins have been seen chattering to each other while solving a tricky puzzle, hinting they have
vocalisations dedicated to cooperating on problem - solving.
Brenda McCowan of the University of California, Davis, says her experience with
dolphin vocalisations matches that observation.
«I have once come across
audible vocalisation reminiscent of [the] recordings, again in a captive giraffe,» he says.
Recordings of solo or
group vocalisations should be sent to the zoo, which will be pleased to refund postage and the cost of the tape.
«I think this is a really novel way of looking at emotional expressions, by investigating
how vocalisations develop in the absence of auditory feedback,» says Sophie Scott of London's Institute of Neuroscience.
The high quality audio adds a further layer of immersion with a cinematic and subtle orchestral score, suitably
visceral vocalisations, and gratifying albeit violent sound effects.
Julie Kavner's
quivering vocalisation of Marge's disappointment and regret is the one moment in the whole picture which matches the subtlety and humanity the show regularly achieved at its very best.
Similarly, overeating,
repetitive vocalisation, compulsive pacing, sucking that is directed at a person or object, tail chasing or fabric chewing are also manifestations of the condition.
Immobility Body — crouched directly on top of all fours, shaking Belly — not exposed, rapid breathing Legs — bent Tail — close to the body Head — lower than the body, motionless Eyes — fully open Pupils — fully dilated Ears — fully flattened back on the head Whiskers —
back Vocalisation — plaintive miaow, yowling, growling or silent Hissing, growling, shaking, drooling Involuntary urination, defecation Aggression if approached
Cats were reported to increase the frequency (43 %) and volume (32 %) of
vocalisations following the death of a companion.
Do not attempt to touch or approach the cat, particularly if it has remained highly aroused after the attack, (e.g.
aggressive vocalisation or body language) or is generally behaving abnormally for the individual.
As well as domestic
cat vocalisation, Mokave Jag Cats will make a range of wildcat sounds as well.
Touch (as in licking, breast feeding), sight (reciprocal gazing) and sound (
reciprocal vocalisation) all contribute to the development of attachment, providing cortical input (particularly to the right cortical hemisphere), from where emotional learning becomes embedded in the mid-brain.
Animal vocalisations are usually made in relatively narrow behavioural contexts linked to emotional states, such as to express aggressive motivation or to warn about potential predators.
The results showed that the infants» sleep increased after massage and they had
increased vocalisation, decreased restlessness and there was more mother / baby interaction.
Separation from the mother in rodents induces physiological and behavioural responses
including vocalisation and searching behaviour, corticosterone hormone release and inhibition of metabolism related to growth and later stress reactivity [129, 130].
The scientists played the people and pooches 200 different sounds, ranging from environmental noises, such as car sounds and whistles, to human sounds (but not words) and
dog vocalisations.
But
vocalisations in other species with similar social structure is known to convey information about things like age, gender, sexual arousal, dominance or reproductive states, she says.
To ensure the validity of the frog as a new species, Mr Seshadri and his team members studied the genes, body structure, colouration and
vocalisations of four individual frogs.
The type of functional flexibility they observed in bonobos could represent an important evolutionary transition from functionally fixed animal
vocalisations towards flexible human vocalisations, which seems to have appeared some 6 - 10 million years ago in the shared common ancestor between humans and great apes.
This gas - filled organ is normally used to keep the animal buoyant, but a nearby muscle can make it resonate and so double as an organ of
vocalisation.
«This connection between an innate call and the activity of a brain area important to learned
vocalisations suggests that during the evolution of songbirds, the role of the song area in the brain changed from being a simple vocalisation system for innate calls to a specialised neural network for learned songs,» concludes Manfred Gahr, coordinator of the study.