Sentences with phrase «volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere»

Besides knowing a lot more about the transport of volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere, modern researchers had communications lines and satellites so that news of an eruption could be relayed quickly and the effects noted as they unfolded.

«We found that red - to - green ratios measured in the sunsets of paintings by great masters correlate well with the amount of volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere, regardless of the painters and of the school of painting,» Zerefos said.

Not exact matches

Forcing caused by changes in the Sun's brightness, by dust in the atmosphere, or by volcanic aerosols can also be translated into radiative forcing.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossiblIn addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossiblin partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

In addition, the later non-warming period also was a period of high volcanic activity adding even more aerosols to the atmosphere.

Volcanic events and some types of human - made pollution, both of which inject sunlight - reflecting aerosols (i.e., tiny particles) into the atmosphere, lower temperature and are examples of forcings that drive decreases in temperature.

If by observational data, you mean the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere, I think that would be a key piece of information that would need to be included in the models as without it the response to volcanic events can not be modeled or predicted.

These were intriguing, as well as highly speculative: first the possibility of deliberately using additional targeted aerosol injection to stimulate coagulation of the particles in the volcanic aerosol; mitigating its effects by causing the particles to drop out of the atmosphere more swiftly.

Some models include volcanic effects by simply perturbing the incoming shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere, while others simulate explicitly the radiative effects of the aerosols in the stratosphere.

This is the portion of temperature change that is imposed on the ocean - atmosphere - land system from the outside and it includes contributions from anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses, aerosols, and land - use change as well as changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols.

This cooling was from the same root cause as volcanic cooling, namely aerosols (mostly sulfate aerosols) in the atmosphere.

Causes, and they are multiple, appear to be: 1) Natural variability of ocean to atmosphere sensible and latent heat flux 2) Modest increase in natural volcanic aerosols 3) Slight decrease in solar output

12 * ICE AGES: More elliptical orbit causes less sunlight to reach Earth — results in ice ages (100,000 yr cycles) * VOLCANIC ACTIVITY: Release ash and aerosols into the atmosphere Reflects sun rays causing cooler temps * SOLAR ENERGY: Cause short term changes Less solar energy can cause small ice ages

However, over long time periods, the variation of the global average temperature with CO2 concentration depends on various factors such as the placement of the continents on Earth, the functionality of ocean currents, the past history of the climate, the orientation of the Earth's orbit relative to the Sun, the luminosity of the Sun, the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere, volcanic action, land clearing, biological evolution, etc..

Aerosols emitted for only a short time would have minimal effects that subside very quickly.The industrial aerosols are rich in SO2, while apparently, the Chilean volcanic eruption did not (according the news item) spew enough SO2 into the atmosphere for discernible climate Aerosols emitted for only a short time would have minimal effects that subside very quickly.The industrial aerosols are rich in SO2, while apparently, the Chilean volcanic eruption did not (according the news item) spew enough SO2 into the atmosphere for discernible climate aerosols are rich in SO2, while apparently, the Chilean volcanic eruption did not (according the news item) spew enough SO2 into the atmosphere for discernible climate effects.

Aerosols from volcanic eruptions do have a cooling effect once they reach the stratosphere but the effect of high wind speed in the upper atmosphere would rapidly disperse these, and any local effects would be very slight.

Previous pauses in temperature rise in 1982 and 1991 were attributed to the ash and sulfur aerosols spewed into the atmosphere by the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón in Mexico and Pinatubo in the Philippines, respectively.

The results suggested that moderate volcanic eruptions were behind the increases of aerosols in the atmosphere.

Turner's work, in particular, which often depicts brightly colored sunsets and emphasized natural light, can be used to roughly estimate aerosol optical depth — that is, the amount of particles like dust, volcanic ash, smoke and sea salts in the atmosphere — at the time the painting was made.

The Sulfate cooling mechanism is also evidenced whenever there is a high ejecta mass volcanic eruption, which causes a measurable cooling effect, for about 3 years after an eruption; until the sulfate particulate aerosols diminish in the atmosphere to the point that they become negligible.

Sulfur dioxide is an aerosol that forms droplets of sulphuric acid in the high atmosphere and reflects solar energy back into space, so these two volcanic eruptions had some short - to medium - term effects.

What does seem to be known is that aerosols fall out of the lower atmosphere (as high as they can be launched with conventional bombs) in days, and persist for less than 2 years when launched into the stratosphere by a major volcanic event like Pinatubo which was equivalent to several H bombs.

The global temperature rise during the ETCW implies a change in the energy budget of the Earth's atmosphere, which in turn suggests either an external forcing (volcanic, solar, greenhousegases, tropospheric aerosols), changes in clouds, or ocean heat release (Brönnimann, 2015b).

Volcanic eruptions emit sulfate aerosols via volcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a longVolcanic eruptions emit sulfate aerosols via volcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a longvolcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a long time...

DePreSys (18) takes into account the observed state of the atmosphere and ocean in order to predict internal variability, together with plausible changes in anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and aerosol concentrations (19) and projected changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosol (20).