The phrase
"volcanic emissions" refers to gases, ash, and other substances that are released into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions.
Full definition
The
new volcanic emissions information pulls together opportunities to improve monitoring of natural hazards, human health risks and climate processes — one volcanic breath at a time.
The authors of the new study used computer simulations to see which changes in the stratospheric aerosol layer could be attributed to coal burning in Asia and worldwide
volcanic emissions from 2000 to 2010.
-------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote by Andrew Dodds / However, this is a very hard relationship to bring out, because more seafloor spreading means more subduction and hence higher CO2
volcanic emission rates.
It is not counter intuitive to see that humans emit, these days, around 7Gt to 9Gt per year,
vs. volcanic emissions of around.13 to.23 Gt.
Whether temp changes causes CO2 change (good evidence for that, at least coincidentally, from the Vostok record) or as a coincidence based
on volcanic emissions, CO2 does nothing to change overall climate.
While not necessarily unknown, many volcanoes are in remote locations and not monitored, so this satellite - based data set is the first to provide regular annual information on these
passive volcanic emissions.
While methane and black carbon contribute to warming, other aerosols, like those formed from sulphur dioxide (released
in volcanic emissions and from coal - fired power plants, for example), have a cooling effect.
Volcanoes are generally thought to be imperturbable outside drivers of climate; I don't know of any possible feedback that could
make volcanic emissions respond to changing climate.
The slow domain consists of the huge carbon stores in rocks and sediments which exchange carbon with the fast domain
through volcanic emissions of CO2, erosion and sediment formation on the sea floor.
Compared to the atmospheric oxygen content of about 21 % this decrease is very small and has no impact on health; however, it provides independent evidence that the rise in CO2 must be due to an oxidation process, that is, fossil fuel combustion and / or organic carbon oxidation, and is not caused
by volcanic emissions or a warming ocean releasing carbon dioxide (CO2 is less soluble in warm water than cold).
Figure 3: Average of all five data sets (GISS, NCDC, HadCRU, UAH, and RSS) with the effects of ENSO, solar irradiance, and
volcanic emissions removed (Foster and Rahmstorf 2011)
Using a 3D atmospheric model, the researchers separated the effect of the chemicals from those of weather and
volcanic emissions, which can also destroy ozone.
«This research greatly strengthens the link between the Triassic mass extinction and
volcanic emissions of CO2.
Knowing the timing and duration of an eruption, the altitude and amount of
the volcanic emissions are critical for an accurate volcanic forecast model being developed at the Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office.
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, are using already available satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a main components of
volcanic emissions, along with the more recent ability to map the location and vertical profiles of volcanic aerosols.
«Satellites provide us with a unique «big picture» view of
volcanic emissions that is difficult to obtain using other techniques,» Carn says.
In other words, if you argue that the Earth has a low climate sensitivity to CO2, you are also arguing for a low climate sensitivity to other influences such as solar irradiance, orbital changes, and
volcanic emissions.
Volcanic emissions are a small but important part of the global carbon cycle.
Scientists preparing for a future Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission will take to the skies above Hawaii to collect airborne data on coral reef health and
volcanic emissions and eruptions.
A fact - packed powerpoint that starts with the newly formed Earth and
its volcanic emission and finishes with the modern atmosphere.