Sentences with phrase «volcanic eruptions cool»

Large volcanic eruptions cool global temperatures, but only for a couple of years.

The concept of employing titanium dioxide, which is also used in sunscreens and inks, is similar to the way volcanic eruptions cool the earth.

Not until after a catastrophic chain of volcanic eruptions cooled the Earth and decimated those competitors did dinosaurs become dominant worldwide.

Not exact matches

Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma (molten rock) which makes its way to Earth's surface, often leading to volcanic eruptions.

After large volcanic eruptions that pump sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, such as that of mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, the planet cools for a year or two.

Besides SSCE, scientists have also been investigating stratospheric sulfur injections — firing sun - reflecting aerosols into the air, similar to the cooling effect after a volcanic eruption — and cirrus cloud thinning, where you thin the top level of clouds, which have a warming effect on the planet.

Since the 1990s, scientists have been discussing using aircraft to inject aerosols, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere as a form of geoengineering to mimic volcanic eruptions that sometimes cool the planet by casting shades of particulate matter.

In this case, researchers are attempting to re-create the effects of volcanic eruptions to artificially cool Earth.

In 1815, the Indonesian volcano Tambora propelled more ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere than any other eruption in history and resulted in significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades later.

Interestingly, some scientists argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as El Chichn and Mount Pinatubo, global warming effects caused by human activities would have been far more substantial.

Researchers know that large amounts of aerosols can significantly cool the planet; the effect has been observed after large volcanic eruptions.

The height of exploration may have occurred at the peak of cooling: Starting in the late 16th century, a series of volcanic eruptions likely chilled the Northern Hemisphere by as much as 1.8 degrees Celsius below the long - term average, White says.

The research highlights the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate, when particles produced can reflect sunlight from Earth, causing long - lasting cooling.

But even if that happens again, or a volcanic eruption spews cooling particles into the atmosphere, we are unlikely to see a similar hiatus, according to two independent studies.

Plant samples preserved underneath these outlet glaciers on Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic led NSF - funded researchers to conclude that the Earth's Little Ice Age began in 1275 and was triggered by repeated volcanic eruptions that cooled the atmosphere.

According to Konhauser, this «nickel famine» coincided with the cooling of the earth's mantle, which curtailed volcanic eruptions of nickel - rich lava.

Like the particles emitted during volcanic eruptions, sulfate aerosols cool the Earth by blocking a portion of the sun's rays.

But the simulations also reveal that the technique, which mimics the short - term cooling effects of volcanic eruptions, could chill the planet if overdone.

There have been large volcanic eruptions that have contributed to short - term cooling of Earth from the SO2 that reaches the stratosphere, which is what happened following the Philippines Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991.

Scientists have long known of the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions, which spew large amounts of light - scattering aerosols into the stratosphere.

At the dark bottom of our cool oceans, 85 percent of the earth's volcanic eruptions proceed virtually unnoticed.

So the report notes that the current «pause» in new global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.

Professor Drijfhout added: «When a similar cooling or reduced heating is caused by volcanic eruptions or decreasing greenhouse emissions the heat flow is reversed, from the ocean into the atmosphere.

A few years ago, he was trying to get people to take to his idea of how to mitigate global warming by pumping sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, mirroring the cooling effect caused by large volcanic eruptions.

A volcanic eruption or meteorite impact, for instance, can send enough particles into the air to block the sun and cool the climate.

A mysterious, centuries - long cool spell, dubbed the Little Ice Age, appears to have been caused by a series of volcanic eruptions and sustained by sea ice, a new study indicates.

The historic temperature pattern we observed has abrupt dips that match the emissions of known explosive volcanic eruptions; the particulates from such events reflect sunlight, make for beautiful sunsets and cool the earth's surface for a few years.

«While the precise implications of the CI eruption for cultures and livelihoods are best understood in the context of archaeological data sets,» write Black and colleagues, the results of their study quantitatively describe the magnitude and distribution of the volcanic cooling and acid deposition that ancient hominin communities experienced coincident with the final decline of the Neanderthals.

It's also now well understood that large volcanic eruptions have a short - term cooling effect, see GW FAQ: effect of volcanic activity (short - term being the key phrase, after Church et al Nature 2005, and also http://www.llnl.gov/str/JulAug02/Santer.html)

The authors don't rule out a minor contribution from some models underestimating cooling from volcanic eruptions.

«We have clearly passed 1 degree above preindustrial temperatures,» and likely won't go below it without a major volcanic eruption (which tends to cool global temperatures), Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said.

It was formed by a gigantic volcanic eruption that cooled the planet.

We find an unprecedented, long - lasting and spatially synchronized cooling following a cluster of large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD (ref.

(That prediction assumes there are no major volcanic eruptions, which have a cooling influence.)

While we know volcanic eruptions can cool the planet with particles for a year or two, the long - term impact of these volcanoes is actually adding to global warming.

It is also well known that volcanic activity has a cooling influence, and as is well documented by the effects of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption.

What connects a series of volcanic eruptions and severe summer cooling with a century of pandemics, human migration and the rise and fall of civilisations?

The cause of this relatively short lived cooling (it was not a true «ice age») is not fully known, but the sun could have been cooler, there may have been more volcanic eruptions, there is a small but persistent cooling trend due to orbital cycles (as explained above).

Global cooling after volcanic eruptions has been recorded in ice core data and thermometers,: 1809, 1815, 1883, 1980 etc. and others.

In the latter case, we'd see a potentially risky situation if efforts to introduce particles happens to be followed by a major volcanic eruption that pushes the cooling in the direction of the Little Dryas.

The short - term variations are dominated by ENSO but also can be influenced by large tropical volcanic eruptions (such as occurred in 1963, 1982 and, markedly, 1991), so the years after those eruptions are anomalously cool.

Up until the early 19th Century, a series volcanic eruptions were causing the Earth to cool.

That left the El Chichon and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions in 1982 and 1991 as the remaining major natural perturbations to the climate trend, although that had as much to do with the timing of the eruptions as it did with the cooling caused by the nearly global distribution of volcanic ash in the upper atmosphere.

The effects of aerosol injections are at least somewhat known, since volcanic eruptions produce aerosols naturally and have produced cooling in the past.

For $ 10 billion per year we can keep the earth cool for decades in the same way that volcanic eruptions do — by putting sunlight - blocking material in the stratosphere.

Further, during volcanic eruptions the ocean cools but for another reason: because volcanic aerosols shade the sun and thus the oceans are heated less than normal.

The changes seen in the MSU 4 data (as even Roy Spencer has pointed out), are mainly due to ozone depletion (cooling) and volcanic eruptions (which warm the stratopshere because the extra aerosols absorb more heat locally).

(For instance, do the models predict cooling after big volcanic eruptions?

Volcanic eruptions don't necessarily need to cause significant cooling.

Volcanic eruptions are episodic, and can produce strong but temporary cooling.