Sentences with phrase «volcanic eruptions produce»

The effects of aerosol injections are at least somewhat known, since volcanic eruptions produce aerosols naturally and have produced cooling in the past.

Because of Io's low gravity, large volcanic eruptions produce an umbrella of debris that rises high into space.

First, volcanic eruptions produce major quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas known to contribute to the greenhouse effect.

One of the things I'm having trouble with is the uncertainties of aerosals and their effects on cooling, or the possibility of volcanic eruptions producing particles that result in cooling.

Not exact matches

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

Does one major volcanic eruption generate more climate - altering gas than that produced by humans in their entire history?

Ultimately, he found that, while volcanic eruptions would have spewed huge quantities of both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere, it was the former that dissolved more easily in shallow waters, producing large concentrations of sulfidic anions, in the form of sulfites and bisulfites.

Large reservoirs of magma stored deep in Earth's crust are key to producing some of Earth's most powerful volcanic eruptions, new research has shown.

«I had done some work modeling aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions for other projects, so I started looking into how we might detect an eruption and what it would tell us.»

The research highlights the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate, when particles produced can reflect sunlight from Earth, causing long - lasting cooling.

Seismic waves are waves of energy produced by earthquakes, explosions and volcanic eruptions, which can travel long distances below Earth's surface.

In a study published online in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, David Fee of the Alaska Volcanic Observatory and Wilson Alaska Technical Center and his colleagues used these techniques to examine the ground - coupled airwaves produced by recent eruptions at Cleveland, Veniaminof and Pavlof volcanoes in Alaska.

Glass compositions of the YTT (open squares) are clearly distinct from tephra of the Rungwe Volcanic Province (26) and of the Olkaria (27) and Eburru (28) volcanoes, Kenya, which have produced rhyolitic eruptions during the last 150 ka..

The most explosive volcanic event of the Quaternary was the eruption of Mt. Toba, Sumatra, 75,000 y ago, which produced voluminous ash deposits found across much of the Indian Ocean, Indian Peninsula, and South China Sea.

Supervolcano isn't a true scientific term, Benson explained, but generally refers to a volcanic eruption that produces at least 1,000 cubic kilometers of material.

Ian Plimer in another contrarian tome included some even more made up facts: «massive volcanic eruptions (e.g. Pinatubo) emit the equivalent of a years» human CO2 emissions in a few days» (p472) and «Volcanoes produce more CO2 then the world's cars and industries combined» (p413).

Volcanic eruptions are episodic, and can produce strong but temporary cooling.

Scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Bonneville Power Administration think underground porous rocks produced by volcanic eruptions could be used as a large battery system.

The sulfate plot intrigued me, especially that huge spike roughly around 1300 A.D. I did some seeking and found some references to volcanic eruptions that would have produced such spikes.

So because the Earth was much warmer many millions of years ago and the Earth's climate has naturally changed due to asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions, changes in the solar flux, the emergence of plants which produced ~ 20 % oxygen content in the air and which in turn allowed animals to evolve, there's just no way that 7 billion humans can cause any problem at all.

And, volcanic eruptions are very different from human produced aerosols as they put the aerosol into the stratosphere, rather than the troposphere.

Robock, A., C. M. Ammann, L. Oman, D. Shindell, S. Levis, and G. Stenchikov 2009: Did the Toba volcanic eruption of ~ 74k BP produce widespread glaciation?

Immense flood basalts were accompanied by pyroclastic eruptions and together produced the Siberian Traps, an area of 2 million square kilometers of volcanic rock, which formed suddenly, on the Earth's surface.

As I pointed out, volcanic eruptions do not produce cooling, especially on a regular thirty year schedule like their graph shows.

Humans, meanwhile, become more prone to disease if they are not exposed to enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. «Our research shows that the climate anomaly, which covered all of the northern hemisphere, was the compound result of several volcanic eruptions,» says Markku Oinonen, director of the Chronology Laboratory.

This caused an ever - increasing amount of energy to enter our system which produced higher wind speeds, more violent earthquakes, and even more frequent volcanic eruptions.

Though greenhouse gases are produced naturally (e.g. a volcanic eruption), the majority of the scientific community claims that human activity (e.g. burning fossil fuels) adds significant amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

It may well be the case that only the systems that produce forcings eg volcanic eruption, solar winds, sunspot activity and the like could be non ergodic but still capable of yielding scenarios for climate modelling purposes.

Certainly an unusually calm solar cycle is playing a significant role in producing all of this cold weather, but as you will see below the truth is that throughout human history volcanic eruptions have produced some of the coldest winters ever recorded.

Given the fact that internally the earth itself has large temperature changes which melts the upper mantle and deep crust producing volcanic eruptions at the surface, it is not difficult to see that the thermal energy involved and the mass of the earth itself, that the earth's own internal temperature fluctuations might have bigger effect on the atmosphere's temperature than the sun.

Backing that up, NASA says that 1) sea surface temperature fluctuations (El Niño - La Niña) can cause global temperature deviation of about 0.2 °C; 2) solar maximums and minimums produce variations of only 0.1 °C, warmer or cooler; 3) aerosols from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions (Mount Pinatubo for example) have caused average cooling of 0.3 °C, but recent eruptions have had not had significant effect.

While volcanic eruptions surely warmed the ocean in the immediate vicinity of the eruptions, the amount of heat they produced compared to the large volume of the Arctic Ocean is small.

Forster et al. (2007) described four mechanisms by which volcanic forcing influences climate: RF due to aerosol — radiation interaction; differential (vertical or horizontal) heating, producing gradients and changes in circulation; interactions with other modes of circulation, such as El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO); and ozone depletion with its effects on stratospheric heating, which depends on anthropogenic chlorine (stratospheric ozone would increase with a volcanic eruption under low - chlorine conditions).

Also, note that aerosol droplets from volcanic eruptions are much more dispersed than those from say aircraft exhaust plumes that do produce a form of cirrus clouds under certain conditions.