Even a basic understanding requires integration of almost everything from cosmic radiation from space to
volcanic heat on the bottom of the ocean and everything in between.
As significant uncertainties about the thickness of the surface ice still exist, some planetary scientists have identified two possible mechanisms for how
possible volcanic heat can escape to the surface from Europa's rocky mantle and be carried upward by buoyant oceanic currents.
Life
without Volcanic Heat Diving for Life Under Antarctic Ice New Signs of Polar Life Tricorder Going to Mars Proof of Life?
Incorporating found paper, recycling scraps of older works, and singeing paper to
express volcanic heat, Grossman combined collage elements with ink, watercolor, and graphite.
Operating a restaurant on a volcano sounds like an insane thing to do, but that's what local notable architect Cesar Manrique has been doing with El Diablo, a restaurant that's been in business — cooking food
using volcanic heat — since 1970.
This article doesn't mention volcanoes — does this mean that that
Antarctic volcanic heat production has been studied and found to be negligible, or is there a lack of data?
Now we find out NASA has
found volcanic heat under western Antarctic ice shelf... and the loss of ice there is NOT from «climate change» but from Pele.
The deep, old ice in this area has been destroyed
by volcanic heat, so there is none left from the Eemian period.
This gives it more pepper flesh to enjoy
the volcanic heat, which stings like a scorpion.
Presumably he thinks that for the volcanoes to make a difference, their heat must flow upwards, and since this doesn't happen,
volcanic heat can't affect the surface.
There maybe
some volcanic heat coming in as well, but % wise I think this is very small.