Bertrand was investigating the effect of solar and
volcanic influence on climate and concluded «these are clearly not sufficient to explain the observed 20th century warming and more specifically the warming trend which started at the beginning of the 1970s».
Not exact matches
We already know that
climate change has a hold
on Earth's surface processes, such as erosion and fluctuations in sea levels... but do surface processes in turn have an
influence on volcanic activity?
These results, which you can read all about in the journal Nature Geoscience, reveal the
influence of surface processes — largely controlled by
climate —
on volcanic activity.
We instead conclude that solar forcing probably had a minor effect
on Northern Hemisphere
climate over the past 1,000 years, while,
volcanic eruptions and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations seem to be the most important
influence over this period.
Their workings discount natural
influences; solar radiation, clouds,
volcanic eruptions, ocean currents PDO / AMO as having any real effect
on the
climate.
Scientists have already speculated that
volcanic cycles
on land emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide might
influence climate; but up to now there was no evidence from submarine volcanoes.
The
influence of
volcanic activity
on the
climate is indubitable.
Alex's simple model is worthy of further refinement to accommodate the
influence of solar fluctuations,
volcanic activity, changes in GHG and the
influence of clouds, My hunch is that while these factors
on their own would have a relatively minor effect
on climate trends, they may impact much more when their incidence is synchronised.
Major
volcanic eruptions have a short - term cooling
influence on climate due to the particulate haze they cause.
Forster et al. (2007) described four mechanisms by which
volcanic forcing
influences climate: RF due to aerosol — radiation interaction; differential (vertical or horizontal) heating, producing gradients and changes in circulation; interactions with other modes of circulation, such as El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO); and ozone depletion with its effects
on stratospheric heating, which depends
on anthropogenic chlorine (stratospheric ozone would increase with a
volcanic eruption under low - chlorine conditions).