Overpeck's theory is that a loss of Arctic ice has allowed more heat to transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, causing a weakening of the
polar vortex winds over the Arctic.
Changes in polar
vortex winds high in the stratosphere can alter the global conveyor belt of ocean circulation.
Reichler's study ventured into new territory by asking if changes in stratospheric polar
vortex winds impart heat or cold to the sea, and how that affects the sea.
In the 1980s and 2000s, a series of stratospheric sudden warming events weakened
polar vortex winds.
One area of
the vortex wound up in the Western U.S., while the other went to Eurasia, where it's helping to cause an Arctic outbreak in Europe known as the «Beast from the East.»
The Vortex wind generator represents a fairly radical break with conventional wind turbine design, in that it has no spinning blades (or any moving parts to wear out at all), and looks like nothing more than a giant straw that oscillates in the wind.