School choice refers to Florida's
voucher and charter school programs.
The effectiveness of
voucher and charter school programs has long been debated, and pro and con camps both cite studies to back up their points of view.
Not exact matches
Ravitch contends that
voucher programs and public
charter schools have failed to demonstrate measurable educational gains.
Private
schools,
charter schools,
voucher programs and other
school choice options have been championed by reform - minded conservatives such as Jeb Bush for years now, partly because of their success for countless children of color living in poor communities with even poorer - performing public
schools.
While Weingarten
and Astorino aren't too far apart on the Common Core, they are at odds on issues like the statewide property tax cap, collective bargaining rights, tenure,
charter schools and voucher programs.
Private
school choice
programs, such as
vouchers, tax - credit scholarships,
and education savings accounts, can provide a private
school «balance» to strong
charter school laws.
«First - generation» choice
programs such as open enrollment, magnet
and charter schools,
and voucher plans have indeed increased the number of
schooling options available.
While district reform collapsed,
and claimed the court case on the never - implemented
voucher program as collateral,
charter parents will ensure that
school choice carries on in this Colorado suburban county.
In fact, when Congress passed a private
school voucher program for Washington, D.C., alongside new funding for the district
and charter sectors, the overall reform plan was called the «three - sector approach.»
The Sunshine State had instituted
school voucher programs, increased the number of
charter schools,
and devised a sophisticated accountability system that evaluates
schools on the basis of their progress as measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
This would include funding for a pilot private -
school voucher program, new money for
charter schools,
and additional money for Title I that would be directed to follow students to the public
school of their choice.
During this time, Florida was engaged in other education reforms as well: instituting several
school -
voucher programs, increasing the number of
charter schools in the state,
and improving the system used to assign grades to
schools based on the FCAT.
Perhaps more helpful would be the freeing of public education from state officials through
charter schools and voucher programs, which would limit the reach
and power of small veto groups, who can so easily intimidate public authorities.
Moreover, some kinds of
school reform have no fixed protocol,
and it is possible to imagine implementing
vouchers,
charter schools, or
programs like Comer's or Total Quality Management
schools in many different ways.
Through
chartering,
vouchers, tax credits, ESAs, online learning, course choice, dual enrollment, CTE
programs, state - run
schools,
and much more, state governments have moved far past 1965 - era arrangements for K - 12.
Most
charter schools serve mainly elementary students,
and young children make up the largest share of the few
voucher programs that have been attempted.
The Florida Supreme Court's decision striking down a statewide
voucher program has sparked speculation that the ruling will aid efforts to battle other
voucher initiatives,
and could even pose a threat to
charter schools.
Today's research shows that, especially for urban minority students,
charter schools and voucher programs improve high
school graduation rates
and college enrollment.
In 1999 Cleveland had 23 magnet
schools with 13,000 students in attendance
and eight
charter schools with 1,600 students in attendance, compared with the 3,800 in the
voucher program.
In fact, we have already embarked on
programs that support private initiative, with government support, with
vouchers and charter schools.
Since the early 1990s, Milwaukee has been home to an increasingly varied array of
school choice
programs that now includes the nation's oldest
voucher program, numerous
charter schools,
and extensive inter -
and intra-district public -
school choice systems.
That is the case in 2016, as education reformers struggle with the meaning of choice
and opportunity two decades after founding the first
charter schools and voucher programs.
Defenders of the status quo in education routinely label certain proposed reforms — including tax credits,
voucher programs, for - profit education management organizations (or EMOs),
and charter schooling — as «anti-public education,» often to great effect.
While Catholic
schools were closing, the number of
charter schools was increasing,
and various states were setting up
voucher programs for low - income students to attend (some) private
schools.
Unlike the
Charter Schools Act upheld in Booth, which provided for a mix of state
and local powers, the
voucher program gave the local
school board, in the court's words, «no substantial discretion over the educational
program embodied in the
voucher program,» thus violating the state constitution.
In recent years, choice advocates cheered because Indiana
and Louisiana adopted new
voucher programs and because
charter schools — boosted by President Obama's Race to the Top
program and movies like Waiting for Superman — continued to expand
and attract supporters.
Romney's major proposal would expand
school choice by essentially turning $ 15 billion in Title I funding
and $ 12 billion in IDEA funds into «
vouchers» that eligible students could spend to attend any district,
charter, or private
school (state law permitting) or for tutoring
programs or digital courses.
Choice
programs come in several flavors, including
charter schools, which are publicly funded but independently operated; private
school vouchers, which cover all or part of private
school tuition;
and open enrollment plans (sometimes called public
school vouchers) that allow parents to send their child to any public
school in the district.
Over 25,000 students are enrolled in the city's pioneering private
school voucher program and nearly 19,000 more attend the city's public
charter schools.
Among the pluses: Florida's excellent accountability system for
schools; a longitudinal database containing student data from pre-K through age 20; a strong
charter -
school law; special - education
vouchers;
and a tax - credit
program for corporate donations to private -
school scholarship
programs.
Information about local district rankings increases public support for
school choice
programs, including
charter schools, parent trigger mechanisms,
and, especially,
school vouchers for all students.
In this view, public
schools will struggle to meet the higher standards —
and not receive the resources with which to do so —
and this will open the door to the expansion of
charter schools, private -
school voucher programs,
and online virtual learning.
This California - centric volume contends that many middle - class families live under the illusion that their kids»
schools are swell
and that it's only poor families whose children are trapped in bad
schools and therefore need
charters,
vouchers, open enrollment plans,
and other policies
and programs designed to afford them access to better options.
Still, there are a handful of examples of
school choice
programs that diminished achievement but improved high
school graduation rates, including the Milwaukee
voucher program and a set of Texas
charter schools.
Although certain forms of
school choice (tax credits, some
voucher programs) abjure state academic standards
and tests, others (such as
charter schools and public
school choice) normally take them for granted.
Second,
school choice is bigger than
voucher programs and charter schools.
But these
charter efforts remained a tiny percentage of federal spending, Bush was rebuffed on an effort to make
school choice a much bigger component of NCLB,
and the Obama administration did its best to anesthetize the D.C.
voucher program.
School choice has a lot to lose, as enrollment grows in
charter schools and voucher programs, if Trump becomes the pitchman for choice.
And it points the way to a solution to the problem of market - suffocating regulation under
school choice
programs: pursue
school choice through education tax credits rather than
vouchers or
charter schools.
With 13 states launching or expanding
school voucher programs,
and 509 new
charter schools opening this year, more parents can take advantage of the
school choice options that have been a cornerstone of the nation's
school reform movement.
She makes clear that she does not understand the purpose of profit when she scoffs about
voucher programs and charter schools that «divert... taxes to pay profits to investors»
and «turn a profit off their children, in order to reward their shareholders.»
They have won hearts
and minds, cultivated allies,
and paid a lot of attention to learning how
charter school laws
and voucher programs work in practice.
Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels has pushed the hardest, enacting a law that removes the cap on the number of
charter schools in his state, authorizes all universities to register
charters and expands an existing
voucher program in the state for students to attend private
and charter schools (in some cases managed by for - profit companies).
To support my case, I presented three categories of evidence: (1) the fact that national reform groups seem deeply concerned about Detroit; (2) the similarity in performance between the city's
charter and traditional public
schools;
and (3) the large negative effects of two statewide
voucher programs on student outcomes.
Expanding
voucher programs and charter schools will involve more than just lifting the enrollment caps on such
programs; it will also require private - or public - sector efforts to create more
schools of choice.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the Trinity Lutheran case, CREDO recently released a nationwide evaluation of
charter schools,
and two separate teams of researchers just released updates to their evaluations of
voucher programs in Indiana
and Louisiana.
Opponents have hamstrung
school - choice
programs at every turn: fighting
voucher programs in legislative chambers
and courtrooms; limiting per - pupil funding so tightly that it's impractical for new
schools to come into being; capping the number of
charter schools;
and regulating
and harassing them into near conformity with conventional
schools.
But whereas
charter schools and voucher programs have drawn most of the attention
and political controversy as spearheads of the choice, the dominant form of
school choice that severs the connection between place of residence
and school assignment is open enrollment in traditional public
schools.
Charter schools have been known to counsel out students with disabilities out of
school and private
schools participating in
voucher programs have dropped students that become too costly or challenging to serve.
To argue that she has been even moderately successful with her approach, we would have to ignore the legitimate concerns of local
and national
charter reformers who know the city well,
and ignore the possibility that Detroit
charters are taking advantage of loose oversight by cherry - picking students,
and ignore the very low test score growth in Detroit compared with other cities on the urban NAEP,
and ignore the policy alternatives that seem to work better (for example, closing low - performing
charter schools),
and ignore the very low scores to which Detroit
charters are being compared,
and ignore the negative effects of virtual
schools,
and ignore the negative effects of the only statewide
voucher programs that provide the best comparisons with DeVos's national agenda.