Recent state testing reveals that
voucher students score lower in reading and math proficiency than public school students.
When that program was evaluated in 2011, the Department of Public Instruction found that 34.4 percent of
voucher students scored proficient or advanced in math, and 55.2 percent in reading.
In Milwaukee, just 13 percent of
voucher students scored proficient in math and 11 percent made the bar in reading this spring.
One analysis of Milwaukee's voucher program in 2013 revealed that only 13 percent of
voucher students scored proficient in math and only 11 percent scored proficient in reading on statewide tests.
Test scores on the most recent Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Exam, administered to students across the state last fall, show that just 34.4 percent of Milwaukee's
voucher students scored at the proficient and advanced level in math.
Not exact matches
Recent analysis of the widely followed
voucher experiment in Milwaukee shows that low - income minority
students who attended private schools
scored substantially better in reading and math after four years than those who remained in public schools.
The greatest improvements should be seen among schools that had already received one F grade from the state, since their
students would become eligible for
vouchers if they received a second F. To test this hypothesis, average FCAT scale -
score improvements for schools were broken out by the grade they received the year before.
In the D.C.
voucher experiment, African - American
students in grades 2 through 5 reportedly increased their
scores by an average of 10 national percentile points in mathematics and 8.6 points in reading after two years of private schooling.
When comparable samples and measuring sticks are used, the improvement in test
scores for black
students from attending a small class based on the Tennessee STAR experiment is about 50 percent larger than the gain from switching to a private school based on the
voucher experiments in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Dayton, Ohio.
Henry Levin likewise asserts that «the evaluators found that receiving a
voucher resulted in no advantage in math or reading test
scores for either [low achievers or
students from SINI schools].»
On the third page of the study, the authors write: «Negative
voucher effects are not explained by the quality of public fallback options for LSP applicants: achievement levels at public schools attended by
students lotteried out of the program are below the Louisiana average and comparable to
scores in low - performing districts like New Orleans.»
In The Education Gap:
Vouchers and Urban Schools (Brookings, 2002), we and our colleagues reported that attending a private school had no discernible impact, positive or negative, on the test
scores of non-African-American
students participating in school
voucher programs in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohio.
In the most regulated environment, larger participants — those schools with 40 or more
students funded through
vouchers in testing grades, or with an average of 10 or more
students per grade across all grade levels — receive a rating through a formula identical to the school performance
score system used by the state to gauge public school performance, inclusive of test
score performance, graduation rates, and other outcome metrics.
Writing for Chalkbeat, Dylan Peers McCoy describes how one of the nation's largest school
voucher programs has changed the private schools that participate, leading them to focus more intensely on
student test
scores.
But most
voucher studies are able to look only at the short - term effects on parental satisfaction and
student test -
score performance.
Specifically, for
students who had attended public schools deemed to be failing before the
students took part in the
voucher program — a high - priority target for the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program — the new federal study shows no statistically significant impacts on their test
scores.
The state of Louisiana recently banned four schools from receiving new
voucher students because the
scores of prior
voucher recipients had been so low.
While younger
students may have benefited slightly from the
voucher program after one year, the older
students who switched to private schools
scored significantly lower than their public - school peers after one year.
The CTBA report ignores entirely previous research from the Brookings Institution, a random - assignment study — the gold standard of social science research — that found
voucher students in Milwaukee
scored six Normal Curve Equivalent points higher than the control group in reading and 11 points higher in math.
Private school
vouchers have a generally positive track record in their impacts on test
scores, and evidence suggests that they can increase the educational attainment of low - income minority
students.
Supporters also point to high test
scores, but the editorial claims «there is no way to accurately compare
voucher [sic]
students with Florida public school
students» because the latter are required to take the state achievement test while the former are required to take one of several national achievement tests, such as the Stanford Achievement Test or PSAT.
After two years, African - American
students who used a
voucher to enroll in a private school
scored 6.3 percentile points higher than African - American
students who remained in public schools.
Harvard economist Caroline Hoxby's quantitative analyses suggest that competition from
vouchers in Milwaukee and from charters in Michigan and Arizona have improved the test
scores of all
students, even those «left behind» in district schools.
The original evaluation identified, after three years, large positive effects of the
voucher opportunity on the test
scores of African Americans but not on the test
scores of
students from other ethnic groups.
-- After two years, African - American
voucher students had combined reading and math
scores 6.5 percentile points higher than the control group.
-- After one year,
voucher students had reading
scores 8 percentile points higher than the control group and math
scores 7 points higher.
Using an experimental design, the study found no clear effects of using a
voucher to enroll in a private school on
students» test
scores four years later.
Second, Rick thinks there is an inconsistency in my suspicion that test - prep and manipulation are largely responsible for test
score improvements by Milwaukee choice schools after they were required to take high - stakes tests, while I interpret research from Florida as showing schools made exceptional test
score gains when faced with the prospect of having
vouchers offered to their
students if
scores did not improve.
The recently released study of the program examines its effects on test
scores for
students that have used
vouchers for one, two, three, or four years.
A
student who is using a
voucher and is attending fifth grade, has family income near the poverty line, a particular race or ethnicity, and has low math and reading test
scores, for example, would be matched to one or more
students who are also attending fifth grade, have incomes near the poverty line, are of that race or ethnicity, and have low reading and math
scores, but do not use
vouchers.
Though still in negative territory,
voucher students» test
scores were on the upswing in year two, with new data on the horizon.
In Ohio, the findings were positive: The introduction of
voucher competition modestly improved the outcomes of
students who remained in their public schools — in the range of one - eighth of the magnitude of the black - white test -
score gap.
Students who used their
vouchers to switch from public to private schools were more likely to
score less well in math, and were about the same in reading.
School choice researchers are finding that
vouchers may impact
student test
scores and later attainment outcomes in different ways.
Only one study, conducted by Jay Greene and Marcus Winters and focusing on the D.C.
voucher program, found that
voucher competition had no effect on the test
scores of non-participants, while no empirical study of acceptable rigor has found that a U.S. private - school - choice program decreased the achievement of public school
students.
Findings: Dayton, OH — After two years, African American
voucher students had combined reading and math
scores 6.5 percentile points higher than the control group.
Findings: New York, NY — Using alternative methods, this study confirms the 2003 finding that, after one year,
voucher students had math
scores 5 percentile points higher than the control group.
Findings: New York, NY — The
voucher students had higher
scores, but the results did not achieve statistical significance.
Supporters can credit the
voucher program with improved reading
scores and high school graduation rates: 82 percent of
students offered a
voucher graduated from high school, compared with 70 percent of those who lost the lottery.
Each
voucher student who «persisted» in the private school to graduation was matched by «grade, neighborhood, race, gender, English Language Learner (ELL) status and math and reading test
scores» to a
student who did not use a
voucher.
The study showed that African - American
students who had won privately financed tuition
vouchers in a 1997 lottery
scored 5.5 national percentile points higher on...
Findings: New York, NY — After one year,
voucher students had math
scores 5 percentile points higher than the control group.
Findings: New York, NY — After three years, African American
voucher students had combined reading and math
scores 9 percentile points higher than the control group.
Findings: Charlotte, NC — After one year,
voucher students had reading
scores 8 percentile points higher than the control group and math
scores 7 points higher.
Allowing for possible differences in
student bodies, those
students opting out of government schools through a
voucher program on average
score better than those who apply for
vouchers but do not receive them.
Students who use
vouchers score significantly higher on test
scores than their public school peers - just as they are more tolerant and their parents are more satisfied.
To argue that she has been even moderately successful with her approach, we would have to ignore the legitimate concerns of local and national charter reformers who know the city well, and ignore the possibility that Detroit charters are taking advantage of loose oversight by cherry - picking
students, and ignore the very low test
score growth in Detroit compared with other cities on the urban NAEP, and ignore the policy alternatives that seem to work better (for example, closing low - performing charter schools), and ignore the very low
scores to which Detroit charters are being compared, and ignore the negative effects of virtual schools, and ignore the negative effects of the only statewide
voucher programs that provide the best comparisons with DeVos's national agenda.
Earlier program evaluation reports for Louisiana showed that
voucher students made significantly lower gains on math and reading test
scores in the first year (27 percentile points and 17 percentile points lower, respectively) than
students who applied for
vouchers but were not awarded them through the lottery.
They employ propensity
score matching methods where they compare
voucher students with similar
students in public schools by matching across a variety of observable background factors, including baseline test
scores.
During the first four years of the study,
voucher students took a low - stakes test, but in the final year of the study, policymakers increased the stakes by mandating that the test results be publicized and the
scores improved.