The steam engine led to oppression for miners and other
workers, the
spread of vast urban slums, and a ruthless stranglehold by capitalistic investors on the
wage earner.24 In the twentieth century, the effects of the automobile have been similarly far - reaching and ambivalent.
Meanwhile, technological advances - in particular the
spread of computers - accelerated the economy's need for skills, once again boosting the
wage premium received by more - educated
workers (see Figure 2).