When an intense laser pulse strikes a plasma of electrons and positive ions, it shoves the lighter electrons forward, separating the charges and creating a secondary electric field that pulls the ions along behind the light like water in
the wake of a speedboat.
These accelerators work by shooting pulses
of intense laser light into plasma to create a wave rippling through the cloud
of ionised gas, leaving a
wake of electrons akin to those that form behind a
speedboat in water.