The notion that in
war noncombatants must never be made the object of direct attacks is but one instance of the application of the categorical prohibition of murder to the realm of war.
Not exact matches
And Anscombe, who powerfully protested Allied direct attacks on German and Japanese
noncombatants during World
War II — that is, choices to kill the innocent for the sake of «good consequences» — knew firsthand utility's work on that score.
The combatant in
war, unlike the
noncombatant, is not considered to be an innocent, and those executed are first found guilty of murder.
Johnson focuses on four aspects of contemporary armed conflict that, while not unprecedented, have become special concerns: the legitimacy of intervention, the place of
noncombatants, the significance of cultural differences, and procedures for dealing with
war crimes and achieving reconciliation after conflict.
In a just
war one has an obligation to distinguish combatants and minimize
noncombatant deaths.
Johnson examines in some detail two features that have made contemporary
wars particularly horrific: wholesale warfare against
noncombatants, and warfare fueled by religious and ethnic difference.
As I have argued in these pages and elsewhere, the «presumption,» by detaching the just
war way of thinking from its proper political context» the right use of sovereign public authority toward the end of tranquillitas ordinis, or peace» tends to invert the structure of classic just
war analysis and turn it into a thin casuistry, giving priority consideration to necessarily contingent in bello judgments (proportionality of means, discrimination or
noncombatant immunity) over what were always understood to be the prior ad bellum questions («prior» in that, inter alia, we can have a greater degree of moral clarity about them).
In the recent conflicts in Rwanda - Zaire and in Bosnia, however, the massive and indiscriminate attacks on
noncombatants were «not collateral, but a deliberately chosen means of prosecuting the
war.»
If it abides by just
war constraints, the U.S. will put its combatants in harm's way to punish and interdict those who have put our
noncombatants in harm's way.
The pastoral letter on peace maintains that the principle of discrimination or
noncombatant immunity must be held by all people within the church; however, the West German bishops» pastoral letter on
war does not accept this principle as an absolute norm.)
One of the upshots of just
war thinking is the rule of
noncombatant immunity or discrimination, meaning that
noncombatants must not be the intended targets of violence.
Jeremiah himself was a
noncombatant, and it is natural that many of his most vivid pictures of the horrors of
war concern, not the battlefield, but the people within the walls and the survivors who look on the utter desolation that
war has left.
Several weeks into the
war with Iraq, Elshtain expressed confidence that the American and British forces in Iraq had not intentionally targeted
noncombatants.
«Nuclear
war is rejected in Church teaching because nuclear weapons can not ensure
noncombatant immunity and their awesome destructive power and lingering radiation can not be meaningfully proportionate,» he said, citing Pope Benedict XVI's 2006 World Day of Peace message, in which the pope said, «In a nuclear
war, there would be no victors, only victims.»
During the brutal Peloponnesian
War, the Athenian historian Thucydides condemned atrocities against
noncombatants and praised «courage and sheer strength» over «scientific methods.»
That's a consequence of large populations acting as a buffer against
war casualties among
noncombatants, not a lesser appetite for violence, the researchers contend.
Another dispatch from the Mexican drug
war, this time about
noncombatants caught in the crossfire, it pales in comparison to Gerardo Naranjo's Miss Bala in filmmaking terms but I suppose that it packs a crude punch (body count: 3 + 2 dogs).
11 bit studio's 2014 title This
War of Mine sought to present the civilian experience of surviving in a besieged city, while Ubisoft's 2014 title Valiant Hearts, although set during World
War I, focused on the human stories of both soldiers and
noncombatants during that conflict.