Our climate today is actually
a warm interval between these many periods of glaciation.
The research, led by Chronis Tzedakis of University College, London, examined similarities between the current
warm interval between ice ages and a particular point, around 780,000 years ago, during a past warm period known as Marine Isotope Stage 19.
Below you'll hear from scientists with significant concerns about keystone sections of the paper — on the evidence for «superstorms» in the last
warm interval between ice ages, the Eemian, and on the pace at which seas could rise and the imminence of any substantial uptick in the rate of coastal inundation.
Those questioning the vulnerability of this species to warming will point to its successful survival through two previous
warm intervals between ice ages as evidence the bear can deal with reduced ice and other big environmental shifts.
Not exact matches
Microwave in 20 - second
intervals, stirring in
between, until butter is melted and mixture is
warm (the stove works too); set aside.
Then in my afternoon run later today, I'll be shifting
between slightly higher intensity aerobic mitochondrial respiration as I
warm up, then into glycolysis and carbohydrate utilization as I surge into some
intervals, then back into an aerobic state as I cool down.
The Protocol - 5 minute moderate jump rope for
warm up, 3 - 5 sets of 10 - 30 second
intervals (waves, slams, throws, spirals, whips) and 45 - 60 seconds of rest in
between intervals, then 5 minutes of moderate jump rope to cool down.
The protocol - 10 minute brisk walk or slow paced jog for
warm up, 4
intervals of 10 - 30 second all out pushes and 3 - 4 minute brisk walk in
between intervals, then 10 minute brisk walk to cool down.
The Protocol - 5 minute moderate jump rope for
warm up or 10 minute brisk walk / jog, 5 sets of 10 - 30 second
intervals (all out swings) and 45 - 60 seconds of rest in
between intervals, then 5 minutes of moderate jump rope or 10 minute brisk walk / jog to cool down.
The Protocol - 10 minute brisk walk or slow paced jog for
warm up, 5
intervals of 10 - 30 seconds all out sled dragging and 2 - 3 minute brisk walk in
between intervals, then 10 minutes brisk walk to cool down.
In contrast, the only
interval in the GISS or NCDC global time series that looks odd is during the WWII years
between 1941 and 1945, where it appears that all the temperatures have a
warming bias of 0.1 C. I agree with J.J.Kennedy that it is an artificial shift based on war - time procedures, but I think the corrections that Hadley made post-WWII were questionable.
In that span, the amount of CO2 in the air fluctuated
between 190 and 280 parts per million — low during ice ages and high during
warm intervals.
Thus one might expect larger hurricanes to extend the
interval between hurricanes over the patches of ocean that spawn them, because they don't spawn until the sea surface
warms sufficiently again.
For instance, Dr. Zycher correctly notes that 1998 and 2015 were / will be
warm years due to the effect of El Niño, but incorrectly surmises that temperatures remained flat
between these two time
intervals (c.f. Fig. 2).
Research indicates that the Arctic had substantially less sea ice during this period compared to present Current desert regions of Central Asia were extensively forested due to higher rainfall, and the
warm temperate forest belts in China and Japan were extended northwards West African sediments additionally record the «African Humid Period», an
interval between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago when Africa was much wetter due to a strengthening of the African monsoon While there do not appear to have been significant temperature changes at most low latitude sites, other climate changes have been reported.
17 El Nino verses La Nina El Niño La Niña Trade winds weaken
Warm ocean water replaces offshore cold water near South America Irregular
intervals of three to seven years Wetter than average winters in NC La Niña Normal conditions
between El Nino events When surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are colder than average The southern US is usually
warmer and dryer in climate
''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In
between these two
warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»
There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal
warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth cent
warm or cold
intervals that define a worldwide Medieval
Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth cent
Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions
between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by
warm decades during the eighteenth cent
warm decades during the eighteenth century.
The authors claim to have largely resolved the «divergence problem» through judicious application of RCS, and in doing so find broad agreement
between the instrumental and proxy record during the «entire 20th century
warming interval», as stated in the abstract.
If, on the other hand, the differences
between station means and station offsets show large variance because different stations have
warmed differently
between baseline and observation
intervals, then the last term will greatly increase the estimated data variance.
These salinity shifts correspond well in timing to the OHC shifts, which are also coincident with surface transitions from global -
warming slowdown to rapid
warming and then to the current slowdown, with
intervals between shifts lasting about three decades.
Second, there are presently only very few millennial length records available for direct comparison
between the recent period and the MWP, and these records show trends which are not necessarily coherent over the latter
interval, resulting in a «'' flattening» of MWP conditions compared to recent
warming in our reconstruction.
«At all sites and during
warm as well as cold climatic
intervals SST values are well above 0 °C (i.e., ranging
between about 5 and 12 °C), suggesting that the SST data represent more the summer situation with ice - free conditions.»
Medieval
Warm Period (MWP)- An
interval between AD 1000 and 1300 in which some Northern Hemisphere regionsmedi reg were
warmer than during the Little Ice Age that followed.
The most recent
interval in which sustained global temperatures exceeded those of today was during the Pliocene epoch (2.6 — 5.3 Ma), when global surface temperatures were
between 2 and 3 °C
warmer than present (Dowsett, 2007).
The current
warming trend 1998 - 2005, has no precedent in recent Arctic memory, there were a few unique occasions when open water was seen during mid-winter over Barrow Strait, but this was at roughly 10 year
intervals, now the
intervals are totally irregular, but
between Islands ice cover is not the best indication of
warming, monthly temperature readings for the past 4 years or so, have been mostly above normal by 1 to the occasional 4 to 5 degrees.
During the
warm intervals of the middle Pliocene (3.3 to 3.0 million years ago), when there is medium confidence that global mean surface temperatures were 2 °C to 3.5 °C
warmer than for pre-industrial climate and CO2 levels were
between 250 and 450 ppm, sedimentary records suggest periodic deglaciation of West Antarctica and parts of East Antarctica.
I'd like to know if both global
warming & global cooling are concurrent, and the only difference
between an Ice Age and an Interglacial are which one is winning more than the other one at any given time
interval, right down to year - by - year.