One result is a flow of cold deep water toward the equator and
warm surface water toward the poles, and this «overturning circulation» plays a crucial role in moving heat around the globe.
Not exact matches
Surface waters become
warm enough (in spring) or cool enough (in autumn) to reach 4 ° Celsius, the temperature at which these
waters become dense and sink
toward the lake's bottom, mixing the
waters.
While at single buoys the
water may have
warmed faster or slower than other locations, globally, there is a clear trend
toward higher sea
surface temperatures.
Imagine this place being like a pool of
warm water, and allow your attention to flow back from the
surface of your forehead,
toward the center of your skull — as though sinking from the
surface of a pool of
water to its depths.
Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice >
water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the
surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly
warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more
warm tropical air ever further
toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea
water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt
water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)
However, there is little change in the force needed to mechanically mix the
warm waters toward the
surface, against the stronger stratification.
It represents in a simple way how ocean currents carry
warm surface waters from the equator
toward the poles and moderate global climate.»
You may be familiar with part of this circulation, the Gulf Stream, which brings
warm, tropical
surface water northward along the East Coast of the United States and funnels
toward the poles.
Is the heat in the
warm water mixed
toward the
surface to melt the ice in the deep basin?
The extra boost from the
warmer water is adding even more energy into this storm system, increasing the availability and transport of moisture
toward land and producing more efficient wind gusts to the
surface.
The overturning circulation pushes
water through the Atlantic Basin, distributing heat as it moves
warmer surface water from the tropics
toward Greenland and the high northern latitudes and carries colder, deeper
water from the North Atlantic southward.
But when the cycle reverses, and deep ocean
waters cycle back
toward the
surface, the
warming increase will continue on as the long term observed trend has shown.
(In the full 4 - dimensional climate, in some places and times and weather conditions, there will be sensible heat transfer
toward the
surface; there can be latent heat transfer to the
surface as well (frost / dew); some places will have evaporative
surface cooling with sensible
surface heating (cold dry air blowing over
warm water or a
warm moist
surface).