The fact that heat is able to escape Pluto's interior to
warm the ice suggests that the impactor strike may have thinned the crust below Sputnik Planitia, creating a weak spot through which the heat could rise.
Not exact matches
(I didn't need to add extra flour because you work so much in when you flour your surface) I just
suggest chilling the dough properly so that your house shapes keep the right form, and then trimming the edges when they're
warm our of the over so the
icing adheres better.
Sea
ice skylights formed by
warming Arctic temperatures increasingly allow enough sunlight into the waters below to spur phytoplankton blooms, new research
suggests.
Disappearing sea
ice can influence the jet stream, a study
suggests, resulting in more frequent winter blasts in a
warmer world
If sunlight must penetrate the dust covering a comet's water
ice in order to
warm it and produce jets, Sunshine says the Deep Impact findings
suggest the
ices on such dormant comets may not have run out but merely become sealed — by layers of debris, for example.
Computer model simulations have
suggested that
ice - sheet melting through
warm water incursions could initiate a collapse of the WAIS within the next few centuries, raising global sea - level by up to 3.5 metres.»
Previous studies
suggest such eddies could carry
warm water away from southern sea
ice.
Recent modelling by researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, as well as studies of past climate,
suggest that the planet will soon have
warmed enough to melt Greenland's
ice sheet entirely — if it hasn't already become
warm enough.
Scientific observations show that in the Arctic,
warming temperatures have led to a 75 % loss in sea
ice volume since the 1980s, and recent reports
suggest the Arctic Ocean will be nearly free of summer sea
ice by 2050, said Sullivan.
The researchers
suggest that salts help lower the melting point for
ice, deep underground where it is
warmer, allowing brines to rise up as a cryomagma.
Yet the water in the cavity never refroze,
suggesting that the melting of some
ice sheets will be difficult to reverse, even if human - driven
warming is curbed.
Ballantyne's findings
suggest that much of the surface
warming likely was due to
ice - free conditions in the Arctic.
The scenario
suggests that as global
warming melts Arctic
ice packs, the North Atlantic will become less salty.
The findings back up a body of data
suggesting that «the effects of global [
warming] will be seen first, and will be most pronounced, in the arctic region,» says Mark Serreze, an arctic climatologist at the National Snow and
Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado.
New
ice core research
suggests that, while the changes are dramatic, they can not be attributed with confidence to human - caused global
warming, said Eric Steig, a University of Washington professor of Earth and space sciences.
Unexpectedly, this more detailed approach
suggests changes in Antarctic coastal winds due to climate change and their impact on coastal currents could be even more important on melting of the
ice shelves than the broader
warming of the ocean.
«We're
suggesting that's not even the case, and that it's one of these hyper -
warm intervals because the bird's food sources and the whole part of the ecosystem could not have survived in
ice.»
«Before our fossil, people were
suggesting that it was
warm, but you still would have had seasonal
ice,» Tarduno says.
Such rapid disintegration has never been observed before, and it
suggests the
ice shelves were weakened by
warm temperatures.
In their new Conservation Genetics paper, the researchers say, «Past gene flow also
suggests that human - assisted gene flow is necessary to conserve the ecosystem services associated with predation, since climate
warming has reduced the frequency of
ice bridges and with it the only opportunity for unassisted gene flow.
He
suggested that blobs of
warmer ice would gradually float up and break through the shell, creating the soaring domes on the surface.
But the models also
suggest that the scheme could go too far: Adding excess sulfur could increase
ice in Antarctica, «overcompensating» for
warming, says Rasch, which could affect ecosystems and the global ocean - atmosphere system in a myriad of ways that scientists haven't studied.
And, worryingly, the research
suggests that as these glaciers melt and retreat backward, the shape of the seabed will continue to expose many of them to
warm ocean water for hundreds of miles as the
ice moves inland.
Over the last few years, research has increasingly
suggested that
ice loss in this region is heavily driven by the influence of the
warming ocean.
The findings
suggest that the Indo - Pacific area would see a 40 per cent increase in fisheries catches at 1.5 C
warming versus 3.5 C. Meanwhile the Arctic region would have a greater influx of fish under the 3.5 C scenario but would also lose more sea
ice and face pressure to expand fisheries.
Previous research
suggested that rapidly
warming air and sea temperatures — which melt sea
ice — might cause their numbers to plummet by as much as 19 % by 2100.
But an
ice core collected in nearby Greenland
suggests that the planet experienced continuous cold from 40,000 to about 115,000 years ago, when the last
warm interglacial period ended, Miller said.
Two new studies
suggest that during
ice ages, steep drops in temperature may have sent ancient species moving to
warmer areas.
From 1992 to 2003, the decadal ocean heat content changes (blue), along with the contributions from melting glaciers,
ice sheets, and sea
ice and small contributions from land and atmosphere
warming,
suggest a total
warming (red) for the planet of 0.6 ± 0.2 W / m2 (95 % error bars).
The sinking slab submerges into Europa's interior and combines with
warmer interior
ice, the researchers
suggest.
The new Hansen paper
suggests that
warmer water at the
ice grounding lines matters more in Antarctica, and less on Greenland.
A very rough back of the envelope calculation
suggest that energy required to melt that
ice is equivalent to 1 - 2 % of the additional energy due to greenhouse
warming over the same period.
«
suggesting that Arctic
warming will continue to greatly exceed the global average over the coming century, with concomitant reductions in terrestrial
ice masses and, consequently, an increasing rate of sea level rise.»
When you say «If the oceans are
warming at all, or if the net
ice melting is positive, we are not in equilibrium» it
suggests that you see temperatures inexorably rising towards an equilibrium.
Our findings support a previous study
suggesting that the impact of anthropogenic climate
warming on Arctic sea
ice became detectable from the early 1990s onwards (19).
[Response 2: The comment
suggests that
ice ages and global
warming have the same cause.
In the first place, the evidence
suggests that the
Ice Age
warmings were local, not global, and were counterbalanced by cooling in the other hemisphere.
Qualitative indicators like sea
ice coverage, spring thaw dates, and melting permafrost provide strong additional evidence that trends have been positive at middle and high northern latitudes, while glacier retreat
suggests warming aloft at lower latitudes.
Reports of this paper
suggest that it is not clear how this
warmer water entering lower depths of the Arctic seas affect the sea -
ice but this seems another unknown.
The Independent has been passed details of preliminary findings
suggesting that massive deposits of sub-sea methane are bubbling to the surface as the Arctic region becomes
warmer and its
ice retreats.
«We
suggest that soot contributes to near worldwide melting of
ice that is usually attributed solely to global
warming.»
In a more recent paper, our own Stefan Rahmstorf used a simple regression model to
suggest that sea level rise (SLR) could reach 0.5 to 1.4 meters above 1990 levels by 2100, but this did not consider individual processes like dynamic
ice sheet changes, being only based on how global sea level has been linked to global
warming over the past 120 years.
Which is not surprising, given that the
ice core data
suggest that this feedback only sets in with a delay of hundreds of years after the
warming starts.
This study
suggests that natural variability is a likely cause, with reduced sea
ice cover being crucial for the
warming.
al)
suggest radiative loss to space, but they also include references relating to
warming bottom water, deepening tropical gyre
warm bowls, and increased mass loss from the Antarctic and Geenland
ice sheets.
Re 9 wili — I know of a paper
suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any
warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a
warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea
ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be
warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when
ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).
If, for example, scientists had somehow underestimated the climate change between Medieval times and the Little
Ice Age, or other natural climate changes, without corresponding errors in the estimated size of the causes of the changes, that would
suggest stronger amplifying feedbacks and larger future
warming from rising greenhouse gases than originally estimated.
• Dynamical processes related to
ice flow not included in current models but
suggested by recent observations could increase the vulnerability of the
ice sheets to
warming, increasing future sea level rise.
They predict that the cooling from the medieval
warming and the little
ice age was approximately 0.2 K. Moberg reconstruction
suggests that such a cooling is 0.6 / 0.7 K, that is three times larger: this is a lot.
Should the
ice sheet start to melt in a serious way (i.e. much more significantly than current indications
suggest), then lowering of the elevation of the
ice sheet will induce more melting simply because of the effect of the lapse rate (air being
warmer closer to sea level due to pressure effects).