Sentences with phrase «warmer estimate of»

This method yields an average warming estimate of just 1.5 - 2 degrees C for doubling CO2.

Not exact matches

While 118 results were available for targets in the range of 3.2 to 4.0 °C warming, there were only 6 estimates of the costs of keeping warming in the range of 2.0 to 2.4 °C.

Here's more: Coral reefs the world over are dying as warmer sea water bleaches them to death — by some estimates, this whole amazing ecosystem, this whole lovely corner of God's brain, may be extinct by mid-century.

Thus the estimated fraction of food - spoilage bacteria inhibited by the spices in each recipe is greater in hot than in cold climates, which makes sense since bacteria grow faster and better in warmer areas.

In general, the number of kids with unintentional injuries increases during the warmer months and an estimated 5,000 children are hospitalized due to unintentional drowning - related incidents each year.

Warming waters in the Gulf of Maine have reduced Atlantic cod populations in that region and distorted estimates of how many fish were available to catch, a new study finds.

A recent study (pdf) estimated that at the current rate of global warming, Manhattan will face a sea level rise of 2 feet or more by 2080.

With Arctic temperatures warming twice as fast as the global average, scientists estimate thawing permafrost could release large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere through the end of the century with significant climate impacts.

They found glacial fjords hundreds of meters deeper than previously estimated; the full extent of the marine - based portions of the glaciers; deep troughs enabling Atlantic Ocean water to reach the glacier fronts and melt them from below; and few shallow sills that limit contact with this warmer water.

In 2013, Hawkins and Jones compared Callendar's pencil - and - paper estimates of warming, based on 147 stations, with modern estimates based on several thousand stations.

Now a new analysis is estimating the pace of species movement because of both climate change and land use, revealing new pressures that stem from local decisions to build, plant and cut on the warming landscape.

They estimate that, across about 60 % of the global vegetated area, greening has buffered warming by about 14 %; for the remaining areas, which mostly include boreal zones, LAI trends have amplified the raise in air temperatures, leading to an additional warming of about 10 %.

This amount of emissions is usually taken as a rough estimate of the allowable emissions to reach the two degree Celsius global - warming target.

According to the report, climate models consistently estimate that warming will occur faster in the Middle East - North Africa region, accentuating the growing scarcity of water.

In a recent study, for instance, well - respected climate models were shown to have completely opposing estimates for the overall effect of the clouds and smoke in the southeast Atlantic: Some found net warming, whereas others found cooling.

The researchers found that on windy nights it wasn't possible to measure the cooling effects of the green spaces beyond their boundaries as there was too much turbulent mixing of the air; but on calm warm nights they estimate that a network of green spaces of around 3 - 5 hectares each situated 100 - 150 m apart would provide comprehensive cooling for a city with a climate and characteristics similar to London.

In 2011 Stefan Rhamstorf of Potsdam University in Germany estimated that there was an 80 per cent chance that the heatwave would not have happened without global warming (PNAS, doi.org/dhnggk).

That would narrow estimates of how much warming the world can expect for a given level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

«Last year, following an intensive research effort involving a dozen scientists, I concluded that global warming was real and that the prior estimates of the rate of warming were correct.

Cuffey developed a technique to combine these temperature measurements, which are smoothed as a result of heat diffusion in the ice, with isotopic measurements of old ice to come up with an estimated temperature of 11.3 degrees, plus or minus 1.8 degrees Celsius, warming since the depths of the ice age.

The BBC team used clever analogies and appealing graphics to discuss three key numbers that help clarify important questions about climate change: 0.85 degrees Celsius — how much the Earth has warmed since the 1880s; 95 % — how sure scientists are that human activity is the major cause of Earth's recent warming; and one trillion tons — the best estimate of the amount of carbon that can be burned before risking dangerous climate change.

The calculations are in line with estimates from most climate models, proving that these models do a good job of estimating past climatic conditions and, very likely, future conditions in an era of climate change and global warming.

In one study published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2007, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, estimated the mass redistribution resulting from ocean warming would shorten the day by 120 microseconds, or nearly one tenth of a millisecond, over the next two centuries.

Until now, most estimates of how many species are threatened by climate change have been based on theoretical studies that look at the climatic and environmental conditions that species need to survive, and overlay this with estimates of how much suitable habitat will remain as the world warms.

«An important result of this paper is the demonstration that the oceans have continued to warm over the past decade, at a rate consistent with estimates of Earth's net energy imbalance,» Rintoul said.

In the case of Scottsbluff, Vatistas and his team found that the temperature inside the tornado would have dropped from a comfortably warm background temperature of 27o C to a chilly 12o C. And at the tornado's centre, the researchers estimated the air density would have been 20 per cent lower than what's found at high altitudes.

Reseachers find that, no matter how much data they collect, they may not be able to get a good estimate of the highest temperature increases that global warming may bring.

Yohe estimates the cost of achieving a more modest goal of holding warming to roughly 2 degrees C at a cost of 0.5 to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product for the U.S. by 2050, thanks to the expense incurred by, for example, replacing existing coal - fired power plants with renewables or retrofitting them with carbon - capture technology.

Indeed, atmospheric chemists have estimated that the combined warming effect of these trace gases will soon equal or exceed the effect from carbon dioxide.

So, the estimated safe threshold identified by the scientists, including NASA climatologist James Hansen, is 350 ppm, or a total increased warming of one watt per meter squared (current warming is roughly 1.5 watts per meter squared).

On the contrary, preliminary modelling by Mark Flanner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, suggests that waste heat would cause large industrialised regions to warm by between 0.4 °C and 0.9 °C by 2100, in agreement with Chaisson's estimates (Geophysical Research Letters, vol 36, p L02801).

He estimates that increasing amounts of soot (combined with thinning sulfate) caused at least 45 percent of the 2.7 - degree Fahrenheit warming observed in the Arctic since the mid-1970s.

Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.

The townships must be relocated (at an estimated cost of more than $ 100 million), so they should stand a good chance of a court upholding a claim that they suffered damages because of global warming.

«The sub-surface warming revealed in this research is on average twice as large as previously estimated with almost all of coastal Antarctica affected.

Data from BOREAS allows researchers to estimate how much carbon dioxide trees pull out of the atmosphere and store within their structures, a value used in some models to predict the role of forests in a future, warmer world.

Did such poor station quality exaggerate the estimates of global warming?

Including the elevation effects in the model increases the estimated sea - level rise by a small but significant amount (5 % enhancement of melt by 2100 and 10 % by 2200 for a climate warming scenario).

Hurricanes are powered by energy pulled out of warm seawater, so sea surface temperature data collected by satellites is fed into forecast models to estimate their intensity.

The study estimates that there may have already been 0.2 degree Celsius of warming, or 0.36 degree Fahrenheit, built into Earth, he said.

The statement is more pessimistic than other estimates of how warming could affect African agriculture, including predictions in the British Stern Review.

The plentiful population of massive exoplanets in star - nuzzling orbits has been dubbed the «hot Jupiters»; COROT 9 b might be called a warm Jupiter — or even a cool one, if its true temperature turns out to be at the lower end of the estimated range.

Emissions of a greenhouse gas that has 17,000 times the planet - warming capacity of carbon dioxide are at least four times higher than had been previously estimated.

The United Nations Environment Program estimates that cutting back on methane and soot emissions alone could prevent 0.7 degree Celsius of additional warming by 2040 — and those cooling benefits could come faster than comparable cuts in CO2.

7It is particularly ironic that Lomborg would offer such a ridiculously precise estimate of the cost of the impacts of climate change from carbon dioxide emissions, inasmuch as the entire thrust of his books chapter on «global warming» is that practically nothing about the effects of greenhouse gases is known with certainty.

Complementary analyses of the surface mass balance of Greenland (Tedesco et al, 2011) also show that 2010 was a record year for melt area extent... Extrapolating these melt rates forward to 2050, «the cumulative loss could raise sea level by 15 cm by 2050 ″ for a total of 32 cm (adding in 8 cm from glacial ice caps and 9 cm from thermal expansion)- a number very close to the best estimate of Vermeer & Rahmstorf (2009), derived by linking the observed rate of sea level rise to the observed warming.

But the change from 2004 to 2007 in the sun's output of visible light, and the attendant warming at Earth's surface of 0.1 watt per square meter, is roughly equivalent to the overall forcing of the sun on the climate over the past 25 years — estimated by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to be an additional 0.12 watt per square meter.

Understanding how layers of air insulate the surface of glaciers, for example, is vital to making accurate estimates of how fast they will melt — and sea levels will rise — as the Earth warms under its blanket of greenhouse gases.

By studying the relationship between CO2 levels and climate change during a warmer period in Earth's history, the scientists have been able to estimate how the climate will respond to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, a parameter known as «climate sensitivity».

«The finding that this was not the case is alarming, because the Arctic is the most rapidly warming region on the planet, with conservative estimates predicting further warming of another approximately 4oC by the end of the century.»