Large cracks grow through Antarctic ice shelves as
warmer ocean currents melt the towering glaciers from below.
Hamish Pritchard prepares us, «In most places in Antarctica, we can't explain the ice - shelf thinning through melting of snow at the surface, so it has to be driven by
warm ocean currents melting them from below.
Whether its deep
warm ocean currents melting floating ice shelfs or the remnants of a far away tsunami, huge icebergs are a natural result.
Not exact matches
The causes of the
warming remain debated, but Liu and his team homed in on the
melting glacial water that poured into
oceans as the ice receded, paradoxically slowing the
ocean current in the North Atlantic that keeps Europe from freezing over.
Some glaciers on the perimeter of West Antarctica are receiving increased heat from deep,
warm ocean currents, which
melt ice from the grounding line, releasing the brake and causing the glaciers to flow and shed icebergs into the
ocean more quickly.
He warned on Tuesday that
warming ocean currents east of Greenland were
melting ice in the seabed.
Velicogna and her colleagues also measured a dramatic loss of Greenland ice, as much as 38 cubic miles per year between 2002 and 2005 — even more troubling, given that an influx of fresh
melt water into the salty North Atlantic could in theory shut off the system of
ocean currents that keep Europe relatively
warm.
Schimdt has found evidence that
warm ocean currents and convective forces beneath Europa's frozen shell can cause large blocks of ice to overturn and
melt, bringing vast pockets of water, sometimes holding as much liquid as all of the Great Lakes combined, to within several kilometers of the moon's icy surface.
Unexpectedly, this more detailed approach suggests changes in Antarctic coastal winds due to climate change and their impact on coastal
currents could be even more important on
melting of the ice shelves than the broader
warming of the
ocean.
The shelves slow and stabilize the glaciers behind them, but they are succumbing to a hidden force: Deep,
warming ocean currents are
melting the ice from beneath.
While the glaciers in this region seemed stable, it turns out
warming ocean currents have been
melting the underside of the ice.
Sea ice and icebergs also
melt as
ocean currents carry them to
warmer places farther from the poles.
This shift strengthens the
ocean currents that bring
warm, salty water to the surface, where it accelerates the
melting of Antarctic ice.
Melting sea ice will mean
ocean currents can carry
warmer water and nutrients into Arctic water, taking fish further north and potentially allowing them to mix between
oceans.
This could be do to changes in
ocean circulation, and
warming waters reaching the grounding lines for ice shelves in Arctic and Antarctica, leading to non-linear increase in
melting and sea level rise, impossible to avoid on our
current path.
Warming air temperatures,
melting ice, and shifting
currents are totally altering the
ocean ecosystem, affecting the people, plants, and animals that call it home.
Seems this might hold for larger scale events, such as the arctic ice
melting (i.e., there would be more
warming in the arctic
ocean in our
current times, except some of the «
warming» energy is going into the
melting process rather than
warming).
Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge
melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly
warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more
warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; —
melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; —
melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in
ocean currents -LRB-?)
BUT Reversing the Atlantic
ocean current due to fresh water ice
melt, is a local phenomenon, not global AND it does little to reduce the slow steady heat / energy buildup globally — so
warming will continue.
Japanese Naval Records indicate a fleet navigated a completely ice - free Arctic
Ocean at the peak of the Medieval
Warm Period, so total
melting is nothing new, however unlikely at
current temperatures.
Warmer or saltier
ocean currents could
melt WAIS ice from the bottom up regardless of specific local bottom topography.
Water from the
melting ice makes the
oceans rise, only a fraction of an inch a year but, in the fullness of time, enough to let the
currents increase their flow over the northern sill, bringing ever more
warm water into the gelid Arctic.
TagsAntarctica, antarctic ice sheet, climate change, climate, sea level rise, rising sea levels, sea level, global sea level rise, Sea Levels, ice
melt,
Melting Ice, ice loss, Ice Extent, sea ice extent, ice,
warming ocean,
ocean currents
SLR by 2100 is more likely to come from ice mass loss from West Antarctica (WAIS) where
warm ocean currents are already
melting ice at glacier mouths and attacking areas of the WAIS resting on the seabed.
Either a big chunk of ice has been
melting extraordinarily fast — which would cool the surrounding air — or somehow
ocean currents would have changed in a way that favoured more rapid
warming of deep water.
If fresh submarine groundwater discharge approaches just 7 % of the total SGD, it would not only balance
current groundwater recharge, but would steadily raise sea level by an additional 2 mm / year, even if there was no
ocean warming and no
melting glaciers.
Methane Hydrates»
Melt - was first observed to be accelerating during the last decade, with sufficient
ocean warming reaching the hydrates in the sea bed of continental shelves off Norway and eastern Canada, where the hydrate stocks are vulnerable to newly
warmed currents.
Those
warm currents melted the bottoms of any glaciers that terminated in the
ocean.
The following article discusses another two factors in
melting of antarctic glaciers, including foehn winds and
ocean currents: When
warm winds blow in Antarctica's dark, freezing winter.
Some of the
warm water would be subducted by Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation / Thermohaline Circulation, some would be carried by
ocean currents into the Arctic Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade w
ocean currents into the Arctic
Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade w
Ocean where it would
melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be
warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade winds.
The belief is that
warm ocean currents are rapidly
melting this glacier, because it lifted off this smaller ridge in the 1970s and now moves 4x faster than Thwaites at 4 km per year.
The Filchner - Ronne Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea is somewhat sheltered from the open sea, but the new research suggests that
warm ocean currents could soon invade its underbelly,
melting the shelf from below.
How such a
warming would impact the probability of irreversible changes to elements of the climate system (
melting ice sheets, reversal or slowing of
ocean currents, release of carbon in permafrost) is unknown.
These cause interesting, potentially stabilizing, feedbacks in models: if an ice shelf thins or retreats as the
ocean or atmosphere
warms, tidal
currents can weaken as water depth increases, leading to lower
melt rates.
The Arctic
ocean is
warm enough to
melt ice or cold enough to freeze over because of the temperature of the
ocean currents that come from the tropics.
Over the past fifty million years, earth cooled because land moved,
ocean currents changed, more and more
warm water was circulated in higher Latitudes and Polar
Oceans to
melt more and more sea ice to support more and more snowfall to promote more and more ice on land.
By an intelligent diversion of
warm ocean -
currents together with some means of colouring snow so that the sun could
melt it, it might be possible to keep the Arctic ice - free for one summer, and that one year might tip the balance and permanently change the climate of the northern hemisphere.
The effects of this marked shift in westerly winds are already being seen today, triggering
warm and salty water to be drawn up from the deep
ocean,
melting large sections of the Antarctic ice sheet with unknown consequences for future sea level rise while the ability of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current to soak up heat and carbon from the atmosphere remains deeply uncertain.
The theory that the thermohalene
ocean current would slow because of global
warming says that it would slow down because of massive
melt - off of ice in Greenland, and the Arctic Sea, that would add a lot of fresh water to the North Atlantic.
«The top of the glacier is
melting away as a result of decades of steadily increasing air temperatures, while its underside is compromised by
currents carrying
warmer ocean water, and the glacier is now breaking away into bits and pieces and retreating into deeper ground.»
Scientists are exploring the small but real possibility that even small shifts in
ocean currents, possibly set in motion by global
warming, may trigger the catastrophic
melting of the world's two great ice sheets.
After all the
warm and cold events, snow falls and
melts, swings in
ocean currents, and passing of storms, at the end of the summer we can measure how much ice is left and see the sum of all these effects.
Just for one example, if it turns out that, between
melt of sea ice and Greenland ice, the North Atlantic
Current slows or stops, we would expect to see fairly dramatically colder weather in Europe for a while, even thought this condition could be directly linked to results produced by GW (though in the long term, the
warming would, presumably eventually overtake the cooling from change in
ocean currents).
Some scientists believe that global
warming could shut down this
ocean current system by creating an influx of freshwater from melting ice sheets and glaciers into the subpolar North Atlantic O
ocean current system by creating an influx of freshwater from
melting ice sheets and glaciers into the subpolar North Atlantic
OceanOcean.