Sentences with phrase «warmer upper layers»

Although the ocean systems are complex, and time scales are a confounding factor in visualizing effects, I think a simple diagram or animation would show that of course mechanical transfer of warmer water to a lower stratum is going to eventually result in warmer upper layers.

In time, as the temperature rises, even the oceans may become net emitters as the warmer upper layers lose their capacity to hold the carbon dioxide which they have already absorbed.

What is the problem with the heat first warming the upper layer before it penetrates deeper?

Let's assume that the increase in TSI between 1900 and 1950 (which is when most of the 20th - century increase occurred) WAS in fact large enough to have warmed the upper layers of the ocean.

But even there, how much warms the upper layers of the ocean, which are linked to the surface, vs how much penetrates deeper into the ocean where it may not have much immediate influence, is a key issue.

The warm upper layer gradually leaks heat into the cold abyss.

An overall SB from the surface to that now - warmer upper layer will get exactly the same answer as a layer - by - layer integration.

Not exact matches

They are normally found in the upper layers of the open ocean in warm seas.

According to the researchers, to better understand if Matthew's intensification was aided by the warm - water eddies and the residing barrier layer in the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean, more ambient and in - storm upper ocean observations in this basin are needed to improve forecast models for the region.

For decades, research on climate variations in the Atlantic has focused almost exclusively on the role of ocean circulation as the main driver, specifically the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large conveyor belt.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

The CTD sections show that the deeper layers are also warmer and slightly saltier and the observed sea level can be explained by steric expansion over the upper 2000 m. ENSO variability impacts on the northern part of the section, and a simple Sverdrup transport model shows how large - scale changes in the wind forcing, related to the Southern Annular Mode, may contribute to the deeper warming to the south.

Note that Ekman pumping does not penetrate deep into the oceanic interior, but since the trades advect the surface waters westward, the upper layer of warm sea water is deeper in the west than in the east.

One theory as to why: Climate change is producing warmer layers of upper water that trap colder water below.

Figure 3 - Schematic showing the upper ocean temperature profiles during the (A) nighttime or well mixed daytime and (B) daytime during conditions conducive to the formation of a diurnal warm layer.

My upper body was warm and happy, and my feet (with two layers of socks on) were snug and comfy.

This outfit is best in springs, when you can go out without wearing layers from the waist down, but you need to throw on a cozy jacket to keep your upper half warm.

Some heat is being transferred to the deeper ocean by wind changes, reducing the rate of increase in the upper layer, which reduces the warming rate on land.

Second: In the last ten years the upper layer has warmed more slowly than before.

Their argument goes like this: It is not possible that warming of the deep ocean accelerates at the same time as warming of the upper ocean slows down, because the heat must pass through the upper layer to reach the depths.

Now if during the transition from (a) to (b) the upper layer is heated by the greenhouse effect, its temperature could remain constant while that of the lower one warmed.

Second, physically there is absolutely no problem for wind changes to cool the upper ocean at the same time as they warm the deeper layers.

That the heat absorption of the ocean as a whole (at least to 2000 m) has not significantly slowed makes it clear that the reduced warming of the upper layer is not (at least not much) due to decreasing heating from above, but rather mostly due to greater heat loss to lower down: through the 700 m level, from the upper to the lower layer.

The outgoing longwave radiation is composed not just of the radiation that leaks through to the top from the warm lower layers, but also of the «cold» radiation emitted from the upper atmosphere.

Note that Ekman pumping does not penetrate deep into the oceanic interior, but since the trades advect the surface waters westward, the upper layer of warm sea water is deeper in the west than in the east.

Changes here have a long term effect, affecting the strength of the north - ward horizontal flow of the Atlantic's upper warm layer, thereby altering the oceanic poleward heat transport and the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST — AMO), the presumed source of the (climate) natural variability.

Lower Atmosphere is warming, oceans upper layers are warming, arctic summer sea ice is disappearing, WAIS and Greenland are both losing mass annually and the majority of the earths glaciers are losing mass too.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

So actually there is a small warming term from the lower layers, exactly compensated by a cooling towards the upper layer.

Thus, adding absorption to some new band will initially tend to warm the colder upper atmosphere and radiatively cool the lower atmosphere and warm the surface (The forcing at any level will be positive, so the surface + troposphere will warm; if some of the increased flux escaping in parts of the spectrum where the abover layers have sufficiently small optical thickness, some of the upper - level cooling will persist.

Given that the other important variables (sea surface temps, depth of the warm layer, and atmospheric moisture) are all predicted to increase, it seems hard to make the claim that tropical cyclones will be unchanged, just as it seemed unwise to claim that Lyman et al's «Recent cooling of the upper oceans» meant that climate models had fatal flaws.

Relative to the entire depth, oceans are essentially both cooled and warmed from above, but within the upper layer of the ocean, it is often the case that the oceans are warmed from below and cooled from above.

Add in that if it's the sun, the entire atmosphere will warm, since there's just simply more energy put in to the system, whereas if it is CO2 or other blanketing method, there's no extra energy put in, therefore the ground will warm and the upper air cool (since the upper air isn't getting the warming from the lower layers it used to get and the lower layers aren't losing the heat they used to).

It's what drives the atmospheric circulation and the ocean currents that mix the upper warm layers of the ocean with the deeper colder layers, and vice versa.

The effect where, adding a «new» absorption band and increasing the absorption, there may initially be warming of the colder layers, etc, followed by a stage of upper level or near - TOA cooling — this includes the warming from absorption from increased radiation from the surface + troposphere — which will be greater when more of the spectrum, especially near wavelengths where the emitted spectral flux change is greatest, has a greater amount of absorption.

For the Ekman pumping (one good example of the Ekman pumping is the so - called «cold tongue» near in the eastern part of the Pacific near the Equator), the stability is not so important, but rather the depth of the upper warm surface layer.

Short waves (visible light) are trapped in the upper 100 m of the oceans, leading to warming of the whole layer.

Warming is widespread over the upper layer of the ocean (500 meters or so), and this may change normal ocean circulation patterns, with unforeseen consequences.

What keeps the hurricane going is the cold upper atmosphere and the warm sea surface (and a warm mixed layer of the upper ocean will sustain the hurricane)-- just like a Carnot heat engine.

Isn't DSW supposed to warm the upper ocean layer?

How can the deeper water be warming if the upper layer isn't?

Most certainly, however since we are in an inverted lapse rate at sea compared to the atmosphere the upper layers will not warm / thermal diffuse the lower layers due to a density problem induced by the temperature differences, hence the uppermost molecules will be agitated the most, which will lead to... evaporation.

The rate of OHC uptake and solar are in the same order of magnitude, with an inertial lag, the deeper oceans would continue warming slowly while the upper layer flattens.

The deeper 700m — 2,000 m layer has warmed at the same rate as the upper 0 — 700m layer in the deeper Argo period (measured from Q1 2005).

Geoengineering solution to global warming could destroy the ozone layer (04/24/2008) A proposed plan to fight global warming by injecting sulfate particles into Earth's upper atmosphere could damage the ozone layer over the Arctic and Antarctic, report researchers writing in the journal Science.

«Storms like Harvey are helped by one of the consequences of climate change: As the air warms, some of that heat is absorbed by the ocean, which in turn raises the temperature of the sea's upper layers.

The Coriolis force in balance with this horizontal pressure gradient force gives rise to a dynamically induced geostrophic current, which occurs throughout the upper layer of warm water.

While strong observational evidence indicates that tropical deep ‐ layer troposphere warms faster than surface, this study suggests that the AR4 GCMs may exaggerate the increase in static stability between tropical middle and upper troposphere in the last three decades.

I am also in agreement about ocean warming (upper layer) during the last warm thrust 74 - 98 and that it is possible that it extended past that time.

When solar activity is high and (under the GCR - cloud theory) cloud cover is low, a high amount of solar radiation reaches the oceans unblocked by clouds, where it penetrates and warms the upper ocean layer.