Sentences with phrase «warming albedo effect»

For truly boreal systems (further north than Adirondacks), my understanding is that there is enough evidence for a strong warming albedo effect of forests (counter-acting the cooling effect of C sequestration) that we probably should not attribute carbon offsets to boreal reforestation based simply on carbon accounting of tree biomass.

Not exact matches

Whereas carbon levels can affect warming on a global scale, the effects of increased albedo and poor evotranspiration would affect temperatures only on a regional level.

Another positive feedback of global warming is the albedo effect: less white summer ice means more dark open water, which absorbs more heat from the sun.

Keith adds, however, that the few existing studies suggest albedo modification could help ameliorate some effects of global warming.

Other research signals that the albedo effect «causes so much warming that permafrost thaws even despite the cooling from shrubs,» he said.

While plants also absorb carbon from the air, the team found that the warming power of water vapor and the albedo effect in particular far outweigh this cooling factor.

They tend to believe that as the planet warms, low - level cloud cover will increase, thus increasing planetary albedo (overall reflectiveness of the Earth), offsetting the increased greenhouse effect and preventing a dangerous level of global warming from occurring.

Anyone who accepts that sunlight falling on ice free waters which has less reflectivity than sunlight falling on a large ice mass covering those waters and also accepts that this reduction in albedo has a positive feedback effect, leading to further warming, can't help but opt for A or B, it seems to me.

I would expect the albedo effect presented by clouds to be weak over the mostly snow / ice covered Antarctica, but Svensmark argues that the clouds here warm rather than cool the temperature.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

So, clouds both warm and cool, and their overall effect upon climate depends upon the balance between albedo cooling and greenhouse warming.

black soot has also been found by a recent university of california study to be the direct cause of the albedo warming effect on the otherwise highly reflective and pristine white arctic ice & snow.

For instance, increasing cloud cover due to global warming may change the albedo, but this would be a feedback to a larger warming effect, rather than a cooling.

The bottom line is that uncertainties in the physics of aerosol effects (warming from black carbon, cooling from sulphates and nitrates, indirect effects on clouds, indirect effects on snow and ice albedo) and in the historical distributions, are really large (as acknowledged above).

In Hansen Nazarenko 2004, Hansen wrote that «Our estimate for the mean soot effect on spectrally integrated albedos in the Arctic... is about one quarter of observed global warming.»

Furthermore, decline in snow cover and sea ice will tend to amplify regional warming through snow and ice - albedo feedback effects (see Glossary and Chapter 9).

The main heat flux for the warming ocean is now coming from the albedo flip effect.

Global climate models have successfully predicted the rise in temperature as greenhouse gases increased, the cooling of the stratosphere as the troposphere warmed, polar amplification due the ice - albedo effect and other effects, greater increase in nighttime than in daytime temperatures, and the magnitude and duration of the cooling from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

(This doesn't include any solar - heating (albedo, etc.) feedbacks, which is necessary for a direct comparison; the GHE warming of about 33 K is only the effect of the atmopheric LW optical thickness, and thus doesn't include any feedbacks on solar heating)

As I said before, other warming factors are also more prevelant in the NH (specifically tropospheric O3 and black carbon — including its effect on snow albedo).

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

First, clouds can have a greenhouse effect that can offset their albedo effect and allow warming.

It melts without having much cooling effect, and in short order there is net warming because of the reduced albedo of wet snow vs. dry snow and bare rock vs. snow cover.

This is what I get out of it: the Arctic - ice - albedo situation is more complicated than earlier thought (due to clouds, sun - filled summers, dark winters, etc), but NET EFFECT, the ice loss and all these other related factors (some negative feedbacks) act as a positive feedback and enhance global warming.

However, albedo modification would only temporarily mask the warming effect of greenhouse gases and would not address atmospheric concentrations of CO2 or related impacts such as ocean acidification.

Subject of some specific concern about global warming because of large temperature rises predicted for the arctic, and because of some arctic - specific feedback effects (e.g. the albedo feedback following loss of arctic sea ice).

Apart from these last concerns, the WAIS is much less worrying than the GIS, because the huge thermal inertia and albedo effect of the EAIS, the antarctic continent itself, and the large amount of antarctic sea ice in the southern winter, all act to reduce the degree of warming for the WAIS (whereas the GIS is the victim of various unfortunate circumstances which amplify warming there).

If water (rain, clouds, oceans) is the stabilizer, then it should overwhelm any warming by trace gases, albedo effects of glacial advances and retreats, etc..

The Arctic has been warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world for decades because of feedback loops that have reduced the albedo effect, a measure of the way Earth reflects heat.

Which was cause, which effect — or was there a feedback loop with warm dry conditions causing drought and erosion leading to dust storms, leading to albedo feedback to further add to the warming?

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

The largest warming is not occurring where the black carbon is, so that's a clue about its effect relative to GHGs and albedo.

If we had snow on the ground it would be much colder because of the albedo effect, and any warming that is happening right now is due to the fact that the snowless surface is absorbing energy, where a snow covered surface would be reflecting the energy back into space.

Moreover, CDR techniques can affect temperatures via SRM mechanisms too: afforestation — at least in higher latitudes — reduces albedo, producing offsetting warming, while OIF releases dimethyl sulphides which could have a significant impact on temperatures by reflecting incoming sunlight (analogous to, if more short - lived, than the effect of sulphates in the stratosphere).

It is arguably one of the most advanced of the seven in its impacts, with a 2011 GRL report putting its warming effect as equivalent to around 30 % of atmospheric anthro - CO2, and the recent report putting albedo loss from arctic sea - ice decline since»79 as providing a forcing equivalent on average to that from 25 % of the anthro - CO2 levels during the period.

Warming from the BC - albedo effect was similar in magnitude to the cooling from the direct effect.

Furthermore the greenhouse gas warming generally overwhelmed the changes from the BC - albedo effects.

Heating «cloud albedo effect» is a far better explanation of palaeo - climate than CO2 because the latter has a delay of 500-1500 years as oceans warm.

They also warn that feedback patterns are starting to emerge in the shape of the ice albedo effect: ice reflects heat away from the surface, so as it decreases in extent so warming quickens.

The net effect is a greater (reflecting) albedo, less sunlight reaching the surface, and therefore a negative feedback that reduces the original warming from increasing CO2.

As the CO2 and CH4 (methane) level goes up, H2O vapour in the atmosphere falls which — because H2O is 30 times more important than CO2 as a «greenhouse gas» offsets the effect of CO2 on temperature, while cloud cover and albedo increases because warmed moist air rises to form clouds, further cooling the world.

(Note, however, that to the extent that positive cloud feedbacks on GHG - mediated forcing mediate a reduction in cloud cover, the amplification will substitute some SW effects for LW effects due to the reduced cloud greenhouse warming and increased warming from a lower albedo).

As I have pointed out in the «essay», what has happened (in an accelerating manner since 1246 CE) is that the insolation reaching far northern latitudes has increased during the first half of each year, and this should be anticipated to cause earlier and more - extensive spring melting of snow and ice, and therefore a progressively - earlier albedo reduction, and therefore more sunlight subsequently being absorbed across spring and summer: the ice albedo feedback effect acting positively (causing warming).

So, CO2 - AGW is probably very low [overestimated by a factor of > = c. 3] and «cloud albedo effect» heating has probably been responsible for the warming, now stopped because the effect has has saturated.

That is, he is counting the ice albedo feedback to global warming as an intrinsic effect of the seasonal drift in insolation, which is certainly invalid.

And, even this number is in some sense deceiving because increasing clouds actually has two effects: a cooling effect due to the increase in albedo and a warming effect due to a decrease in the outgoing IR («longwave») radiation.

The overall effect of the cloudiness on the earth is a cooling effect but there is enough warming due to the decrease in outgoing IR radiation that it offset a considerable fraction of the cooling effect due to the increase in albedo alone.

Apart from albedo the extra 45 W / m2 over high latitude (ice / snow free) landmass in summer would have a considerable effect in warming the climate.

This is the result of polar amplification - warming at the tropics is less than warming at the poles due to various effects such as positive feedback from ice albedo changes.

If these plumes of warm air operated in the same way during the last glaciation as they do know then they would make short work of ice sheets that were hanging around because of the albedo effect, this is possible because not all the northern hemisphere mid latitude land surface was covered with ice throughout the period of glaciation and might explain why glaciations terminate quickly