Documents reveal Exxon's early CO2 position, its global
warming forecast from the 1980s, and its involvement with the issue at the highest echelons.
Documents reveal Exxon's early CO2 position, its global
warming forecast from the 1980s, and its involvement with the issue at the highest echelons.
Not exact matches
The certainty of the
forecasts is particularly important as
warming leads to shifts
from temperate to subtropical drylands, which leads to changes in precipitation and soil moisture, which in turn has profound effects on ecological services, provided to humanity, including the viability of certain temperate agricultural systems.
They suggest that
forecasts of the global
warming likely to result
from doubling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may, therefore, have to be reduced by about half.
To measure the
forecasted inflow of
warm water under the Filchner - Ronne Ice Shelf, in the past two Antarctic summers scientists
from the Alfred Wegener Institute and the British Antarctic Survey drilled through the ice at seven sites to deploy oceanographic recording devices below it.
There's only a 5 percent chance of limiting
warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius, according to a
forecast drawn
from a statistical analysis of 150 countries» population and economic growth.
«One demanding test of the validity of the computer simulations of the climate of the earth is based on temperature records
from the Arctic... When tested against the Arctic temperature record, therefore, the computer
forecasts are seen to exaggerate the projected
warming by a large amount.»
On Monday, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released a Coral Bleaching Outlook that
forecasts the amount of bleaching that may result
from ocean
warming in the next four months, and the outlook is gloomy.
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory within the Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, along with collaborators
from the U.K. Met Office and other modeling centers around the world, organized an international multi-model intercomparison project, name CAUSES (Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), to identify possible causes for the large
warm surface air temperature bias seen in many weather
forecast and climate model simulations.
Another way to estimate climate sensitivity
from both models AND observations is to calculate the ratio of observed
warming to
forecast warming... then multiply that by the ECS value used in the model.
It's no surprise that summer is my favorite season, and every spring day that has even a hint of something
warmer in the
forecast has me reaching for summer staples to debut, like this breezy linen tunic
from Garnet Hill.
Saint Lucia (December 20, 2016)-- A welcome retreat
from forecasted snowy, subzero climates, Saint Lucia offers winter solace for travelers seeking tropical temperatures and
warm Caribbean waters.
This reduces the observed
warming since 2011 (the start of their
forecast period) to the end of the data curve
from 0.34 to 0.22 °C.
It is to be noted here that there is no necessary contradiction between
forecast expectations of (a) some renewed (or continuation of) slight cooling of world climate for a few decades to come, e.g.,
from volcanic or solar activity variations; (b) an abrupt
warming due to the effect of increasing carbon dioxide, lasting some centuries until fossil fuels are exhausted and a while thereafter; and this followed in turn by (c) a glaciation lasting (like the previous ones) for many thousands of years.»
To chart the enduring lack of certainty, read the various leaks
from the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report and you'll see roughly the same «maybe»
forecast that scientists provided for my 1988 Discover Magazine cover story on global
warming (the climate panel was just being formed at that time).
And there is the problem that all the models
forecast that
warming would increase significantly
from 1998 to 2008 and that didn't happen either.
This is distinct
from and more subtle than the usual «chaos fallacy» which reads something like «We can't predict next week's weather, so how can we make global
warming forecasts 100 years out?
More background
from Dr. Schmidt on why it's easier to
forecast long - term
warming than short - term variations: / / j.mp / KWHIW
The scientists running the project stressed that it is not a formal
forecast, but instead aimed at comparing different ways of analyzing what mix of forces —
from winds and currents to any long - term contribution
from human - caused global
warming — is at work.
Checking up on our predictions
from last year, we
forecast that 2010 would be
warmer than 2009 (because of the ENSO phase last January).
But it's also a region where
forecasts of impacts
from global
warming remain somewhat equivocal.
The
forecast said there was substantial risk of bleaching in parts of the Pacific Ocean, as well, and noted that this did not include the extra heat anticipated
from a developing El Niño
warming of the tropical Pacific.
From the graphs in Hansen's paper, we interpolate the following
forecasts of
warming for the 1984 - 2006 period....
Pressing the frontiers of climate science and related research is vital, but it's wishful thinking to expect further science to substantially narrow uncertainties on time scales that matter when it comes to regional or short - term climate
forecasting, the range of possible
warming from a big buildup of carbon dioxide, the impact of greenhouse forcing on rare extremes and the like.
In that case (reading approximately
from the chart published in Hansen's paper), the Scenario B
forecast would have been about 0.2 C of
warming and actual would have been indistinguishable
from 0C
warming.
Shortly after the NOAA
forecast map above was issued (reflecting an extremely
warm US
from coast to coast), an engineered cool - down of the Western US was put into motion.
Detail for the UK included deterministic
forecasts for heatwave conditions
from ~ 22/23 July, cooler and wetter through the middle third of August, and a very
warm signal
from ~ 2 Sept lasting most of the month.
It shows that most of the
forecast warming from major alarmist models comes
from the positive feedback theory, and not
from greenhouse gas theory.
I am using a simple feedback amplification model as an abstraction to represent the net results of the models in a way layman might understand, and backing into an implied fraction f
from published
warming forecasts and comparing them to the 1.2 C non-feedback number.
All the rest of the sensitivity between this 1C and 3C or 5C or whatever the
forecast is comes
from feedbacks (e.g. hotter weather melts ice, which causes less sunlight to be reflected, which
warms the world more).
All the models used in the IPCC's vast report last year
forecast warming of at least 2C if CO2 doubles (up
from a 1.5 C minimum rise in the organisation's 2001 report).
What this means is that 70 - 80 % or more of the
warming in catastrophic
warming forecasts comes
from feedback, not CO2 acting alone.
The Dismally Scientific fools among you predict, project,
forecast, and extrapolate disaster
from warming, yet the
warming of the last two centuries was a great boon for all life, including, almost irrelevantly, humans.
The 2485 year record is long enough to permit Fourier analysis on the first half replicate the temperature record of the second half and
forecast a temperature decline
from 2006 to 2068 that wipes out the
warming of the last century.
In the figure, the IPCC (2007)
forecast of 2 °C to 3 °C
warming by 2100 is based on stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 around 550 ppm (a doubling
from pre-industrial levels of 280), up
from 385 today.
Bjerknes created many of the terms used in
forecasting such as Cold and
Warm Fronts or advancing or retreating frontal systems
from battle terminology.
An extended
warming period, resulting
from an El Nino weather event in the Pacific Ocean, will probably push up global temperatures, experts
forecast.
Farmers» Almanac says cold winter ahead — Associated Press — August 20, 2008 — Excerpt: Households worried about the high cost of keeping
warm this winter will draw little comfort
from the Farmers» Almanac, which predicts below - average temperatures for most of the U.S. «Numb's the word,» says the 192 - year - old publication, which claims an accuracy rate of 80 to 85 percent for its
forecasts that are prepared two years in advance.
Data
from NASA's Terra satellite shows that when the climate
warms, Earth's atmosphere is apparently more efficient at releasing energy to space than models used to
forecast climate change have been programmed to «believe.»
F. «Global temperature» projections of unverified «climate models,» which involve hypothetical
forecasts of, not evidence of, global
warming, have increasingly diverged
from the most reliable temperature records computed
from the data collected by U.S. satellites.
But if you just read NTZ's quotes
from these papers you would know nothing about
forecasts of future
warming.
Our
forecast in TW7 are as for Heathrow but some distance
from the airport and always
warmer than Metropolitan London — surely that should not be so!
He says a strong storm
forecast to move in
from the south over the weekend will bring
warmer temperatures and high winds that'll likely scatter the ice and push it north.
Firstly confined to
warm sea water anomaly areas associated with developing El Nino
from June 2014 to beyond October 2014, therefore mainly in the East Pacific — and later also the central tropical Pacific, as the NCEP
forecast illustrates:
The very first finding in the original news release for the ISPM (and the original version of ISPM overview) contains the following statement: «Data collected by weather satellites since 1979 continue to exhibit little evidence of atmospheric
warming, with estimated trends ranging
from nearly zero to the low end of past IPCC
forecasts.»
From what I can see of the weather
forecasts, things are really going to
warm up over the next couple of days.
But there is ONE
forecast from the CMIP5 supercomputed ensemble (see John Christy's EPS testimony updated
from EPW) that has managed to mimic the 21st century so far — no
warming.
If the software fails to give accurate
forecasts and models global
warming incorrectly, that could cause trillions of hard - earned dollars
from the American public to die a horrible death — mostly at the hands of bureaucrats.
Given the likelihood that internal variability contributed to the slowing of global temperature rise in the last decade, we expect that
warming will resume in the next few years, consistent with predictions
from near - term climate
forecasts (Smith et al. 2007; Haines et al. 2009).
A recent study using archives
from a polar - adapted
forecast model found that West Antarctica is subject to frequent excursions of
warm and moist marine air masses originating
from the Ross and Amundsen Seas (Nicolas and Bromwich 2010).