Not exact matches
That year the U.S. released 7.40 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2e), a measure of the global
warming potential of any greenhouse
gas in terms of the amount of
warming generated by CO2.
«(2) the carbon dioxide
equivalent value for purposes of this Act for any greenhouse
gas not listed in the table under paragraph (1) shall be the 100 - year Global
Warming Potentials provided in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report.
«(C) global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse
gases, expressed in annual concentration units as well as carbon dioxide
equivalents based on 100 - year global
warming potentials;
CO 2
equivalents: The GWP value (Global
Warming Potential) of a
gas is defined as the cumulative impact on the greenhouse effect of 1 tonne of the
gas compared with that of 1 tonne of CO 2 over a specified period of time.
A Japanese study showed that producing a kilogram of beef leads to the emission of greenhouse
gases with a global
warming potential
equivalent to 36.4 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2).
A standardized unit of measure, the global
warming index (GWI) namely the grams of carbon dioxide
equivalent per megajoule of fuel delivered to the vehicle (gCO2e / MJ) is to be reported, adjusted, of course, for differences in the in - use energy efficiency of different fuels (e.g., gasoline versus diesel, versus natural
gas or hydrogen).
Or, trying to «correct» for the different lifetimes of the
gases using Global
Warming Potentials, over a 100 - year time horizon (which still way under - represents the lifetime of the CO2), you get that the methane would be
equivalent to increasing CO2 to about 500 ppm, lower than 750 because the CO2 forcing lasts longer than the methane, which the GWP calculation tries in its own myopic way to account for.
[* GtCO2e is billions of tons of carbon dioxide or the
equivalent amount of other greenhouse
gases when measured in terms of their potential to
warm things up.]
All emissions in this figure and chapter refer to GtCO2e (gigatonnes or billion tonnes of carbon dioxide
equivalent)-- the global
warming potential - weighted sum of the six Kyoto greenhouse
gases, that is, CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6, including LULUCF CO2 emissions.
Other
gases that contribute to global
warming — such as methane from waste — are converted into «carbon
equivalent» units then added to the carbon footprint.
They compared estimated emissions for shale
gas, conventional
gas, coal (surface - mined and deep - mined) and diesel oil, taking into account direct emissions of CO2 during combustion, indirect emissions of CO2 necessary to develop and use the energy source and methane emissions, which were converted to
equivalent value of CO2 for global
warming potential.
An ambitious HFC agreement has the potential to avoid 100 billion CO2 -
equivalent emissions by 2050 and 0.5 °C
warming by 2100, significantly contributing towards the goals of the landmark Paris Agreement last year and eliminating the use of some of the most potent greenhouse
gases in existence.
To put this into context, estimates of life - cycle global
warming emissions for natural
gas generated electricity are between 0.6 and 2 pounds of carbon dioxide
equivalent per kilowatt - hour and estimates for coal - generated electricity are 1.4 and 3.6 pounds of carbon dioxide
equivalent per kilowatt - hour [14].
A task force of the Ministry calculated that thanks to these alternative solutions, 120 million tons of CO2 -
equivalent (a figure for global
warming potential measuring how much of a certain greenhouse
gas contributes to the greenhouse effect) was eliminated in 2010.
This graph shows the
equivalent amount of human induced global
warming attributed to the different
gases.
This time dependence of GHGs isn't fully accounted for in the standard IPCC
equivalents, which are probably significant understatements of the total
warming effect of a
gas, if it's being emitted in the immediate future.
The
equivalent carbon dioxide emission is obtained by multiplying the emission of a well mixed greenhouse
gas by its Global
Warming Potential for the given time horizon.
A global phase - down could avoid 1.1 — 1.7 billion metric tons CO2
equivalent (CO2
equivalent is a measure used to compare impacts of greenhouse
gases based on their global
warming potential in relation to CO2) of GHG emissions per year by 2030, with cumulative emission reductions of nearly 100 billion metric tons CO2
equivalent by 2050.
«(C) global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse
gases, expressed in annual concentration units as well as carbon dioxide
equivalents based on 100 - year global
warming potentials;
«(A) review and, if appropriate, revise the carbon dioxide
equivalent values established under this section or section 711 (b)(2), based on a determination of the number of metric tons of carbon dioxide that makes the same contribution to global
warming over 100 years as 1 metric ton of each greenhouse
gas; and
Even if natural
gas combustion creates approaching 50 percent less CO2
equivalent per unit of energy produced, an amount which is well beyond best case on ghg emission reductions, it will not create the much greater emissions reductions necessary in the next 30 years to give any hope of limiting
warming from exceeding levels that will cause catastrophic impacts.
Currently the non-CO2 greenhouse
gases, taken together, add up to about 100 ppm of «CO2
equivalent»
warming, and thus are significantly worsening the situation.
If
warming prior to 1960 is 0.5 or greater, pretty much a given with the tropical reconstruction, Solar, aerosols, land use etc. can have have more impact than CO2
equivalent gases so your Half or complete baked explanation is going to need dLOD, fair dust and unicorns to get all the «consensus» players on the same page.
Climate sensitivity is usually defined to mean the amount of
warming that the Earth will experience if atmospheric concentrations of CO2 reach 560 ppm of CO2
equivalent, where CO2
equivalent is the metric which translates other greenhouse
gases into an
equivalent level of CO2.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates global anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions for 1990 at 39.4 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide
equivalent, suggesting that the Nigerian emissions may have represented approximately 0.09 % of the total in terms of CO2 and 0.76 % of the total in terms of methane, using the IPCCs 100 - year global
warming potential for methane of 25.
Which is EXACTLY
equivalent to the AGW argument: «More CO2 in the air causes «global
warming» because it is a «greenhouse
gas».»
Now to quantify their relative contribution to global
warming, we need to find a way of putting all of these individual
gases (and other climate drivers) on an equal — or
equivalent — footing.
When referring to greenhouse
gas emissions, «carbon dioxide
equivalent» refers to the amount of carbon dioxide that would give the same
warming effect as the effect of the greenhouse
gas or greenhouse
gases being emitted.
When referring to atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse
gases, «carbon dioxide
equivalent» refers to the concentration of carbon dioxide that would give the same
warming effect as the collective effect of all of the greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.
Carbon Dioxide
Equivalent — Carbon Dioxide
Equivalent (or CO2e) is a measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse
gases based upon their global
warming potential (GWP).
The numbers for each of the main
gases (CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and high - global
warming potential
gases) are converted to the
equivalent amount of CO2 that would produce
warming - so allowing them to be compared and added together.
The «
equivalent» part happens because of global
warming gasses other than CO2.
The elements are: (1) the amount of temperaturechange since 1850; (2) whether the change is in the range of natural variability or is attributable to humans; (3) the amount of
warming that greenhouse
gases (CO2 and
equivalents) will
warm the Earth in the future; and whether for the most likely scenarios, there are more losers than winners and if the change is just different.
So you have a Theory, CO2 and
equivalent «greenhouse»
gases will have a
warming impact on climate that allows for approximately 0.8 to 1.2 C of
warming and biases guestimates that it could be umpteen times larger.