In the past, Sessions has acknowledged that human activity may be warming the planet but has fiercely fought government efforts to curb emissions of
warming gases including carbon dioxide and methane.
Not exact matches
These
include warm summer weather, which drives up use of air conditioners and electricity, the increased popularity of natural
gas (versus coal) among power producers (partly reflecting the low price of the former), and cutbacks in production by some players in the natural -
gas industry.
The stark drop in natural
gas prices from an all - time high of more than $ 15 per 1,000 cubic feet in 2005 to near $ 4 today results from a range of factors
including the global economic downturn, competitive coal prices, unusually
warm winters, the improvement of hydraulic fracturing («fracking») drilling techniques, and the production of natural
gas as a byproduct when drillers frack for petroleum.
Warm and Well Cornwall will help 220 private homes,
including owners, landlords or tenants and up to 800 social housing homes with first time central heating, such as renewable heating, mains
gas, oil, or LPG, with many more to follow in future years.
Headed toward an 8 F rise in
warming Other such low - probability but high - risk scenarios mentioned in the report
include ecosystem collapses, destabilization of methane stored in the seafloor and rapid greenhouse
gas emissions from thawing Arctic permafrost.
In April, another IPCC report suggested strategies to cool global
warming's consequences,
including adopting more alternative energy sources and capturing more greenhouse
gases (SN: 9/6
A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued in 2001
include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a
warming world and other changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse
gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence in the ability of models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the
warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.
To comply, the 182 nations that signed the protocol must meet targets for reducing emissions of greenhouse
gases — climate -
warming gases that
include the common industrial by - products carbon dioxide and methane.
It was evidence that the Bakken was leaking raw natural
gas,
including huge amounts of methane, which is 86 times more potent as a global
warmer than carbon dioxide during the first nine years of its life.
A number of things might have affected people's attitudes,
including Pope Francis» encyclical calling for climate action, a record -
warm winter and media coverage around the international agreement to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, according to the report.
Top priorities of the Trump transition team and cabinet nominees — many who disregard the connection between global
warming and fossil fuel energy use —
include rolling back eight years of Obama administration climate regulations and restrictions on coal, oil and
gas development.
Fact # 1: Carbon Dioxide is a Heat - Trapping
Gas Fact # 2: We Are Adding More Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere All the Time Fact # 3: Temperatures are Rising Fact # 4: Sea Level is Rising Fact # 5: Climate Change Can be Natural, but What's Happening Now Can't be Explained by Natural Forces Fact # 6: The Terms «Global
Warming» and «Climate Change» Are Almost Interchangeable Fact # 7: We Can Already See The Effects of Climate Change Fact # 8: Large Regions of The World Are Seeing a Significant Increase In Extreme Weather Events,
Including Torrential Rainstorms, Heat Waves And Droughts Fact # 9: Frost and Snowstorms Will Still Happen in a
Warmer World Fact # 10: Global
Warming is a Long - Term Trend; It Doesn't Mean Next Year Will Always Be
Warmer Than This Year
From his own research in chemical oceanography, along with data from a number of recent studies, Weber points out that some negative consequences of greenhouse
gas emissions and
warming «are manifesting faster than previously predicted,»
including ocean acidification and oxygen loss, which are expected to affect «a large fraction of marine species if current trends continue unchecked.»
The abstract
includes the statement: «Evidence is presented that the recent worldwide land
warming has occurred largely in response to a worldwide
warming of the oceans rather than as a direct response to increasing greenhouse
gases (GHGs) over land.»
When the
warming effect of other greenhouse
gases is also
included in the carbon budget calculations, the quantity of emissions remaining is even smaller.
First, most climate simulations,
including ours above and those of IPCC [1], do not
include slow feedbacks such as reduction of ice sheet size with global
warming or release of greenhouse
gases from thawing tundra.
Indeed, impacts of Arctic
warming include the melting of major Arctic glaciers and Greenland (containing the potential for up to 7 meters of sea level rise if it were to melt entirely), the thawing of carbon rich permafrost (which could add to the burden of atmospheric greenhouse
gas emissions) and signs of worsening wildfires across the boreal forests of Alaska, to name a few.
It will also
include complicated models of interconnected ecosystem feedbacks.The panel's last report noted that preliminary knowledge of such feedbacks suggested that an additional 100 billion to 500 billion tons of greenhouse
gas emissions would have to be prevented in the next century to avoid dangerous global
warming.
** CLIMATE CHANGE LESSON **
Included in the lesson package is: The teacher version of the PowerPoint The student version of the PowerPoint Three videos embedded in the PowerPoint Student lesson handout In order, the lesson covers: Weather vs. Climate Earth's energy supply The atmosphere Greenhouse
gases The greenhouse effect Enhanced greenhouse effect The role of the carbon cycle Effects of global
warming Historic climate change Climate proxies What you can do The student version contains multiple blanks that need to be filled in throughout the lesson.
Myriad details throughout the hybrid powertrain contribute to the efficiency,
including an exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR) system with a cooler, smaller, lighter, quieter hybrid system water pump and an exhaust heat recirculation system that speeds engine
warm - up.
Standard equipment
includes four - wheel antilock brakes; AM / FM stereo with cassette player; eight - way power driver's seat; air conditioning; power windows, locks and outside mirrors; power adjustable brake /
gas pedals that move to you at the push of a button so you don't have to power the seat forward to reach the pedals; floor console with lots of storage capacity plus a power plug; and redundant climate / audio controls in the steering wheel, though the controls in the wheel don't show you how to get
warm air to face and feet at the same time, either.
In other words, there is no
warming effect of greenhouse
gases and humans can carry on with Business As Usual,
including massive burn of fossil fuels.
The first is to emphasize your point that degassing of CO2 from the oceans is not simply a matter of
warmer water reducing CO2 solubility, and that important additional factors
include changes in wind patterns, reduction in sea ice cover to reveal a larger surface for
gas escape, and upwelling of CO2 from depths consequent to the changing climate patterns.
After each of its four reports so far —
including the pivotal 2007 assessment that concluded with 90 percent confidence that greenhouse
gases from humans were the main force behind recent
warming --- the panel leadership has met to consider changing how it works.
These claims were subsequently disputed in an article in Eos (Rahmstorf et al, 2004) by an international team of scientists and geologists (
including some of us here at RealClimate), who suggested that Shaviv and Veizer's analyses were based on unreliable and poorly replicated estimates, selective adjustments of the data (shifting the data, in one case by 40 million years) and drew untenable conclusions, particularly with regard to the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse
gas concentrations on recent
warming (see for example the exchange between the two sets of authors).
In advance of President Obama's speech Tuesday afternoon laying out his three - pronged plan to cut releases of greenhouse
gases and the impacts of global
warming, White House officials circulated detailed fact sheets and discussed the plans with journalists,
including me, last night.
That is because accumulating observations and analysis pointing to the causes and consequences of global
warming merely delineate the problem,
including areas of persistent uncertainty, uneven exposure to risk and uneven responsibility for emissions of greenhouse
gases.
But there's plenty of language for those pressing the case for action,
including the new capstone statement on the role of greenhouse
gases in driving
warming since 1950:
The Associated Press has put out an interesting interactive mapof climate change data,
including the emission trends from countries in the northern hemisphere, graphs of the various indicators of global
warming such as glacier melts and global temperatures, and the pledges that different countries have made when it comes to reducing greenhouse
gas emissions.
Re10 present day
warming must
include the effects of the other greenhouse
gases like methane, HFCs etc..
They challenge the longstanding view of Richard Lindzen and others that there are natural regulators built in to the tropical climate system that «let off steam» in a way; but they also challenge those using the specter of tropical
warming —
including the Amazon rain forest turning into a desert — as another reason to move swiftly to curb greenhouse
gases.
Taking account of their historic responsibility, as well as the need to secure climate justice for the world's poorest and most vulnerable communities, developed countries must commit to legally binding and ambitious emission reduction targets consistent with limiting global average surface
warming to well below 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels and long - term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse
gas concentrations at well below below 350 p.p.m., and that to achieve this the agreement at COP15 U.N.F.C.C.C. should
include a goal of peaking global emissions by 2015 with a sharp decline thereafter towards a global reduction of 85 percent by 2050,
What is obvious is that
including the data of the past few years pushes the estimates of climate sensitivity downward, because there was little
warming over the past decade despite a larger greenhouse
gas forcing.
(Note that this
INCLUDES GHG
warming of the greenhouse
gas heating effect as just a single part.)
Gary Yohe, an environmental economist at Wesleyan University, is one of a large group of veteran students of the climate - energy challenge who say the persistent uncertainties surrounding human - driven
warming are the reason to act, to act promptly, and to
include a rising price on emissions of greenhouse
gases in any policy mix.
Sadly, much of the report has a «same as it ever was» feel,
including a push for «feebates» on efficient vehicles balanced by a surcharge on
gas guzzlers (something I wrote about in my 1992 book on global
warming):
Like I say, you see a richness of behaviour in the models
including in some occasions behaviour that at first sight looks not dissimilar to that highlighted in the observations by the Thompson paper and this on top of the «external control» as we called it in our 2000 paper in Science of the external forcings in a particular model which drives much of the multi-decadal hemispheric response in these models and which, in terms of the overall global
warming response, is dominated by greenhouse
gases.
Chris V. «In regards to your statements about CO2, the fact that CO2 is a greenhouse
gas, and that increasing CO2 will produce
warming, is accepted by virtually every scientist,
including most of the AGW skeptics (Christy, Spencer, Lindzen...).»
A new study released at the beginning of the talks by Friends of the Earth Europe showed that fossil fuels,
including natural
gas, can have no substantial role beyond 2035 in an EU energy system compatible with limiting global
warming to 2 °C.
All emissions in this figure and chapter refer to GtCO2e (gigatonnes or billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent)-- the global
warming potential - weighted sum of the six Kyoto greenhouse
gases, that is, CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6,
including LULUCF CO2 emissions.
For instance, the
warming that began in the early 20th century (1925 - 1944) is consistent with natural variability of the climate system (
including a generalized lack of significant volcanic activity, which has a cooling effect), solar forcing, and initial forcing from greenhouse
gases.
In regards to your statements about CO2, the fact that CO2 is a greenhouse
gas, and that increasing CO2 will produce
warming, is accepted by virtually every scientist,
including most of the AGW skeptics (Christy, Spencer, Lindzen...).
• Greenhouse
gases contributed a global mean surface
warming likely to be in the range of 0.5 °C to 1.3 °C over the period 1951 to 2010, with the contributions from other anthropogenic forcings,
including the cooling effect of aerosols, likely to be in the range of − 0.6 °C to 0.1 °C.
They have survived previous Arctic
warming periods,
including the last
warm stretch between ice ages some 130,000 years ago, but some climate experts project that nothing in the species» history is likely to match the pace and extent of
warming and ice retreats projected in this century and beyond, should emissions of heat - trapping
gases continue unabated.
However, taking account of sampling uncertainty (as most more recent detection and attribution studies do,
including those shown in Figure 9.9) makes relatively little difference to estimates of attributable
warming rates, particularly those due to greenhouse
gases; the largest differences occur in estimates of upper bounds for small signals, such as the response to solar forcing (Allen and Stott, 2003; Stott et al., 2003a).
In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday,
include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse
gas, from the tundra as it
warms; shifts in snow distribution that
warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.»
Moreover, it also
includes a number of detection and attribution studies, the IPCC's «gold standard» in terms of inferring climate change and establishing consistency of AO - GCM simulations of greenhouse
gas induced
warming with observations.
For example, short - lived greenhouse
gases, such as methane, are not
included in — nor necessarily appropriate for4 — the 1 trillion tonne C budget approach because they play a secondary role in influencing long - term
warming.
If the body of evidence is so strong and the concensus so overwhelming, why is it that no organisation,
including IPCC, will directly answer the question «what percentage of forecast global
warming is due to greenhouse
gas emissions».
Greenhouse
gases contributed a global mean surface
warming likely to be in the range of 0.5 °C to 1.3 °C over the period 1951 − 2010, with the contributions from other anthropogenic forcings,
including the cooling effect of aerosols, likely to be in the range of − 0.6 °C to 0.1 °C.