Not exact matches
Add butter and stir slowly until smooth, working in one direction to prevent air bubbles
from forming (if butter doesn't melt completely, microwave in 5 - second
intervals to
warm slightly).
The conclusion of that study was that we are now in that
interval's
warmest range of temperatures, therefore adding support to the overwhelming evidence
from other sources and models that man - made climate change is already well underway.
And it's possible that we are currently no
warmer than we were a thousand years ago, during the «Medieval
Warm Period» or «Medieval Optimum,» an interval of warm conditions known from historical records and indirect evidence like tree ri
Warm Period» or «Medieval Optimum,» an
interval of
warm conditions known from historical records and indirect evidence like tree ri
warm conditions known
from historical records and indirect evidence like tree rings.
This
interval is well represented in the Burke Museum vertebrate paleontology collections, including a rich sample
from the time just after that rapid
warming event.
Weaver, A.J., O.A. Saenko, P.U. Clark, and J.X. Mitrovica, 2003: Meltwater pulse 1A
from Antarctica as a trigger of the Bølling - Allerød
warm interval.
Take a shower and vary the temperature
from cold to
warm for ten second
intervals ten times and you will raise your metabolic rate.
For just over a year, I have spent nearly every Wednesday night and Saturday morning running a
warm up pace that makes me overheat, then starting the
interval workout which involves me sometimes running slower than the «
warm up pace «and watching the lithe people run away
from me at incredible speeds, then «slinky - ing «forward while they run back for me on the recovery, watching them sprint away
from me some more, and then eventually finding myself labouring up a hill to exit the river valley at the end of the workout to find the group of speedsters waiting to fist pound it out before we run back to the shop at a cool down pace which only makes me sweat even more.
In essence, the authors have revisited a question posed earlier in a paper by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas (2003: see our previous discussion here), investigating whether or not evidence
from past proxy records of temperature support the existence of past
intervals of warmth with the widespread global scale of 20th century
warming.
In Europe, slightly higher reconstructed temperatures were registered in A.D. 741 — 770, and the
interval from A.D. 21 — 80 was substantially
warmer than 1971 — 2000.
Below you'll hear
from scientists with significant concerns about keystone sections of the paper — on the evidence for «superstorms» in the last
warm interval between ice ages, the Eemian, and on the pace at which seas could rise and the imminence of any substantial uptick in the rate of coastal inundation.
«Meltwater Pulse 1a
from Antarctica as a Trigger of the Bølling - Allerød
Warm Interval.»
They found that the diatom - rich sediments, deposited during the
warm intervals, were predominantly composed of material
from one terrane - the Jurassic to Cretaceous volcanic rocks and associated sedimentary rocks of the Ferrar Large Igneous Province (FLIP).
This FLIP «fingerprint» was found to be restricted to the Pliocene
warm intervals and was absent
from the overlying younger sediments.
Although not part of our study, high - resolution paleoclimate data
from the past ~ 130 years have been compiled
from various geological archives, and confirm the general features of
warming trend over this time
interval»
This might be a good time to review all the potential signs and signals of AGW (all three parts: anthropogenic, global,
warming), how to distinguish anthropogenic CO2 effects
from natural variability and land use changes, and how long an
interval the apparent signal has to persist in order to reach a reasonable conclusion.
The
warming does not occur at fixed time
intervals, but ranges
from 2 - 4 years.
''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted
from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two
warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»
«The authors write that «the Mediterranean region is one of the world's most vulnerable areas with respect to global
warming,»... they thus consider it to be extremely important to determine what impact further temperature increases might have on the storminess of the region... produced a high - resolution record of paleostorm events along the French Mediterranean coast over the past 7000 years...
from the sediment bed of Pierre Blanche Lagoon [near Montpellier, France]... nine French scientists, as they describe it, «recorded seven periods of increased storm activity at 6300 - 6100, 5650 - 5400, 4400 - 4050, 3650 - 3200, 2800 - 2600, 1950 - 1400, and 400 - 50 cal yr BP,» the latter of which
intervals they associate with the Little Ice Age.
The El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a weather system that comes
from the unusual
warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean occurring erratically in the span of 3 to 6 - year
intervals.
«the period
from around AD 830 to 1100 generally encompassed a sustained
warm interval in all four Northern Hemisphere regions.
This would further confound attempts to assess their contribution to temperature change during
intervals when their net deviation
from their baseline levels was large, although it would have less significance for the post-1950 decades when their net contribution would be small even as independent sources of
warming.
In Europe, slightly higher reconstructed temperatures were registered in 741 — 770, and the
interval from 21 — 80 was substantially
warmer than 1971 — 2000.
And
from NOAA:» The simulations rule out (at the 95 % level) zero trends for
intervals of 15 yr or more, suggesting that an observed absence of
warming of this duration is needed to create a discrepancy with the expected present - day
warming rate.»
Note that for each data set, the full - sample (about 30 years) trend is within the confidence
interval of the 10 - year trend — so there's no evidence,
from any of the data sets, that the trend over the last decade is different
from the modern global
warming trend.
However, the period
from around ad 830 to 1100 generally encompassed a sustained
warm interval in all four Northern Hemisphere regions.
These salinity shifts correspond well in timing to the OHC shifts, which are also coincident with surface transitions
from global -
warming slowdown to rapid
warming and then to the current slowdown, with
intervals between shifts lasting about three decades.
Medieval
warm period (MWP), also called medieval
warm epoch or little climatic optimum, brief climatic
interval that is hypothesized to have occurred
from approximately 900 ce to 1300 (roughly coinciding with the Middle Ages in Europe), in which relatively
warm conditions are said to have prevailed in various parts of the world, though predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere
from Greenland eastward through Europe and parts of Asia.
Also the
warming increase is so minuscule
from eccentricity change that it would not have been even a hypothesis if the 100 ka
interval was not such a good match.
In the 20th century the
warming occurred in steps, within
intervals shorter than 30 (e.g. 1978 - 1998) years, so there is a case to be made that there has been no change in climate since the beginning of the recovery
from the Little Ice Age.
Although not part of our study, high - resolution paleoclimate data
from the past ~ 130 years have been compiled
from various geological archives, and confirm the general features of
warming trend over this time
interval (Anderson, D.M. et al., 2013, Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, p. 189 - 193; http://www.agu.org/journals/pip/gl/2012GL054271-pip.pdf).
Unlike the MBH reconstruction, which tracks the instrumental record well through the end of the calibration
interval (1980), the Esper et al reconstruction indeed doesn't show any
warming after 1950 or so, which defies evidence
from the instrumental record.
The
warming rate for every possible 10 year
interval, in the range
from 1970 to 2017, will be compared to the average
warming rate.
Current observations are consistent with paleodata
from warm intervals in Earth's ancient past.
When this is done, people usually find that while it was relatively cool in global mean temperatures
from the 1400s to the 1800s known as the «Little Ice Age» and relatively mild in the 900s to 1300s
interval (sometimes termed the «Medieval
Warm Period»).
The probability spread of one U.S. hurricane is the same for both extreme events, however, with both
warm and cold phases exhibiting a 90 % confidence
interval of 13 percent:
warm phase
from 45 to 58 percent, cold phase
from 18 to 31 percent.
With the use of a climate model of intermediate complexity, we demonstrate that with mwp - 1A originating
from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, consistent with recent sea - level fingerprinting inferences, the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increases, thereby
warming the North Atlantic region and providing an explanation for the onset of the Bølling - Allerød
warm interval.
The ROW trend is much different than the US trends: the most interesting result of this will (in my opinion) be, not so much a major revision of US temperature history where one already has pretty
warm 1930s (but there will be an effect there), but the information on variations in trends resulting
from site quality differences than need to be included in ROW calculations and confidence
interval calculations.