Sentences with phrase «warming models use»

Global warming models use data from multiple locations over long periods of time.

Not exact matches

Spencer analyzed 90 climate models against surface temperature and satellite temperature data, and found that more than 95 percent of the models «have over-forecast the warming trend since 1979, whether we use their own surface temperature dataset (HadCRUT4), or our satellite dataset of lower tropospheric temperatures (UAH).»

Primarily used in institutional, industrial, and commercial kitchens, our Commercial Food Warmers offer a versatility and ease of use not seen in traditional convection models.

Other models will recommend the use of warm water.

The same as previous model, you can use it to warm bottles or baby food jars.

Don't buy a used one because many older models have been recalled already and any that have cracks should be avoided because they allow moisture to mix with the electrical parts of the warmer.

«The widespread loss of Antarctic ice shelves, driven by a warming ocean or warming atmosphere, could spell disaster for our coastlines — and there is sound geological evidence that supports what the models are telling us,» said Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a co-author of the study and one of the developers of the ice - sheet model used.

Helling used the model to simulate how dust whirls and swirls around in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs: gassy bodies too big and warm to be planets, but too small and cool to be stars.

The team used a complex computer model, developed at the University of Leeds, to calculate these different warming and cooling effects.

Models using only natural forcings are unable to explain the observed global warming since the mid-20th century, whereas they can do so when they include anthropogenic factors in addition to natural ones.

Tom Theuns and Liang Gao, astronomers at Durham University in England, used a computer model last year to study how two types of dark matter, known as warm and cold, may have influenced the formation of the very first stars in the universe — and the first giant black holes.

The only way to do that is to use models to ask how long should it take for the signal of warming to be clearly outside the norm,» Deutsch said.

«Using a numerical climate model we found that sulfate reductions over Europe between 1980 and 2005 could explain a significant fraction of the amplified warming in the Arctic region during that period due to changes in long - range transport, atmospheric winds and ocean currents.

Three approaches were used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in climate system properties using a simple model.

He also models the global warming that would occur if concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were to be doubled (due to increases in carbon dioxide and methane emissions from dragons and the excessive use of wildfire).

Two of the major projects for this IPY will be the creation of permanent permafrost observations and an expansion of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), a model experiment that uses easily constructed greenhouses to artificially warm portions of the tundra.

Models used to project conditions on an Earth warmed by climate change especially need to consider how the ocean will move excess heat around, Legg said.

The study used simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) run at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and examined warming scenarios ranging from 1.5 degrees Celsius all the way to 4 degrees Celsius (7.2 degrees Fahrenheit) by the end of the century.

«The result is not a surprise, but if you look at the global climate models that have been used to analyze what the planet looked like 20,000 years ago — the same models used to predict global warming in the future — they are doing, on average, a very good job reproducing how cold it was in Antarctica,» said first author Kurt Cuffey, a glaciologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and professor of geography and of earth and planetary sciences.

By reconstructing past global warming and the carbon cycle on Earth 56 million years ago, researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute among others have used computer modelling to estimate the potential perspective for future global warming, which could be even warmer than previously thought.

Bocinsky and d'Alpoim Guedes are using the modeling technique to identify little - used or in some cases completely forgotten crops that could be useful in areas where warmer weather, drought and disease impact food supply.

The next step, Fabel says, is to use climate models to see whether the events would replay themselves if global warming shuts down the Atlantic conveyor once again.

Climate models, it says, «can neither confirm that global warming is occurring now, or predict future climate changes», and yet «have been used to frame the debate».

Other researchers have used computer models to estimate what an event similar to a Maunder Minimum, if it were to occur in coming decades, might mean for our current climate, which is now rapidly warming.

«Being based on climate records, this approach avoids any biases that might affect the sophisticated computer models that are commonly used for understanding global warming.»

Although computer models used to project climate changes from increasing greenhouse gas concentrations consistently simulate an increasing upward airflow in the tropics with global warming, this flow can not be directly observed.

Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.

Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.

Using 19 climate models, a team of researchers led by Professor Minghua Zhang of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, discovered persistent dry and warm biases of simulated climate over the region of the Southern Great Plain in the central U.S. that was caused by poor modeling of atmospheric convective systems — the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere.

Data from BOREAS allows researchers to estimate how much carbon dioxide trees pull out of the atmosphere and store within their structures, a value used in some models to predict the role of forests in a future, warmer world.

A second study, led by Hailan Wang of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, used different model simulations and came to a similar conclusion: While a warming sea surface did make it more likely that a high - pressure ridge could form, the signal was not strong enough to explain its extreme nature.

The group also used a general circulation model to predict what might be expected to happen in the world's wine locales in the next 50 years and determined that an average additional warming of two degrees C may occur.

The team used the new scheme in five ice sheet models and forced them with climate warming conditions taken from two different climate models.

Cheung and his colleague used modeling to predict how 802 commercially important species of fish and invertebrates react to warming water temperatures, other changing ocean properties, and new habitats opening up at the poles.

Only two of the 11 models used to project future warming in the most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considered the effects of limited nitrogen on plant growth; none considered phosphorus, although one paper from 2014 subsequently pointed out this omission.

Using climate models to understand the physical processes that were at play during the glacial periods, the team were able to show that a gradual rise in CO2 strengthened the trade winds across Central America by inducing an El Nino - like warming pattern with stronger warming in the East Pacific than the Western Atlantic.

«As we build up a big archive — warm years, cold years, wet years and dry years — we can use the data to develop models of how weather and phenology are related,» he says.

In the study, the researchers use an ice - ocean model created in Bremerhaven to decode the oceanographic and physical processes that could lead to an irreversible inflow of warm water under the ice shelf — a development that has already been observed in the Amundsen Sea.

«Using observations and model simulations, we've demonstrated that rising Pacific - Atlantic temperatures were the major driver of rapid Arctic warming in the early 20th century.»

Working with David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University, DeConto calibrated this model using data on past sea level rises during warm periods 120,000 and 3 million years ago.

The radiative properties of water vapour are accounted for in all the models used in the IPCC reports which attribute a significant portion of recent warming to anthropogenic effects.

The authors compared the Paris Agreement 1.5 C warming scenario to the currently pledged 3.5 C by using computer models to simulate changes in global fisheries and quantify losses or gains.

An unprecedented experiment So how does this finding negate the suggestion that «unknown unknown» climate factors might influence a warmer world, making it nearly impossible to simulate the future using climate models?

The new numbers will be used in models created by economists, environmentalists, and governments who use population estimates to predict pollution and global warming levels; prepare for epidemics; determine road, school, and other infrastructure requirements; and forecast worldwide economic trends.

Using conjoined results of carbon - cycle and physical - climate model intercomparison projects, we find the median time between an emission and maximum warming is 10.1 years.»

For instance, the team used a numerical model to see how phytoplankton as a whole will migrate significantly, with most populations shifting toward the poles as the planet warms.

The analysis uses methods that have already been peer - reviewed, including examining the change in occurrence of such extreme rains in the historical record and in climate models, as well as using finer - scale regional climate models to compare the current climate to one without warming.

Model simulations of 20th century global warming typically use actual observed amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, together with other human (for example chloroflorocarbons or CFCs) and natural (solar brightness variations, volcanic eruptions,...) climate - forcing factors.

Page 11 of the brief begins, «As shown below, computer models predicting future warming must overestimate warming, because they generally use an incorrect increase in carbon dioxide concentration of 1 % per year.»

Given that the degree of under - estimation of TCR using the Otto method seems inversely correlated with the NH / SH warming ratio, at least in the models used in Shindell (2014), it would seem that the rather large NH / SH warming ratio observed in the «real» earth system indicates a tiny to non-existent underestimation of TCR when using those simple methods (e.g. Otto et al) in the real world.