Sentences with phrase «water by convection»

At night, «low grade» heat is transferred to the ball from the water by convection / conduction and is radiated out to «space.»

During the day, the black ball absorbs «high grade» heat and tranfers it to the water by convection / conduction.

It also didn't need pumps or electricity and could move the water by convection.

Not exact matches

Also, formula is thicker than water, which reduces the development of convection on short timescales (viscous inertia); you can verify this by heating a bowl of canned cream - style soup in a Pyrex cup.

Heated by the hot core, the rock in the mantle rises and falls like water gently simmering in a pan, though this convection occurs much more slowly.

However, isn't it true that most energy is removed from the earth's surface by convection and evaporation, not radiation (because the lower troposphere contains so much GHGs, especially water vapor)?

«The water could only have risen from below, driven upward by powerful convection originating deep in the atmosphere.

McPhaden speculates warm waters produced by the IOD could have helped «anchor» convection in the eastern Pacific, thereby holding back convection in the central Pacific.

The physical processes by which energy might be added into the glacier material include: (A) convection between the glacier surfaces and local surrounding atmosphere and water, (B) direct radiation onto the exposed surfaces of the material, (C) addition of material that is at a temperature higher than the melting temperature onto the top of the glacier (rain, say), (D) Sublimation of the ice directly into the atmosphere, and (E) conduction into the material from the contact areas between the glacier and surrounding solid material.

The land and sea warm, the infra - red from them increases and the oxygen, nitrogen and water vapour all carry more heat upwards by convection.

The model considers all relevant feedback processes caused by changes of water vapour, lapse - rate, surface albedo or convection and evaporation.

Re: # 32 «Natural [free] convection is due to the low density of the air caused by the lighter water vapour.»

Natural convection is due to the low density of the air caused by the lighter water vapour.

Observations of the humidity in the upper troposphere and its relation with sea surface temperature in areas of deep convection point to an overall positive climate feedback by water vapour in the upper troposphere, which is inconsistent with the Iris effect.

Also, why not to simply say that: Unlike major gases of the atmosphere, GHG (mainly water vapor) are heated by IR radiations and cool by IR emission and / or by convection.

(In real life I understand that mixing is the main agent of deeper warming in the ocean due to winds, currents, etc.) Only the top skin of water heats up and therefore lower warming must be by diffusion, or are convection cells within the water inevitable?

The air with it's water vapour is quickly taken away by winds and convection and rises to higher levels in the atmosphere.

By Amber Bentley (Aged 11) In just 16 pages, this wonderful book covers the structure of the atmosphere, solar radiation, the water cycle, clouds, fronts, convection, air pressure, air masses, the global atmospheric circulation, making weather observations, forecasting, synoptic charts, hurricanes, regional climate, palaeoclimates and anthropogenic climate change.

As you say «Simples» Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.

The atmopshere will respond to a change of radiative balance by changes in conduction, convection and the latent heat of water, as well as radiation effects.

As to the absorption of long - wave radiation from the earth's surface, while it may be true that carbon dioxide and water together do absorb certain frequency ranges of that radiation, I don't think that that matters a whole lot because most of the heat from the surface is transported to the top of the troposphere by conduction, convection and latent heat of vaporization of water during the day.

This energy is carried aloft by convection where the remainder of the atmosphere is essentially transparent to the emitted radiation largely because there is next to no water vapour, which is the larger absorber, in the stratosphere and above.

Probably because additional water stays in troposphere were a radiation effect would be canceled by additional convection.

In the case of water surfaces, the transfer is by convection and may consequently be affected by the horizontal transport of heat within large bodies of water.

But will not the O2 and N2 in the upper Troposphere (warmed by daytime convection) bump into CO2 and Water Vapor causing them to vibrate and give off IR.

The real world's atmosphere was likened to a real greenhouse which has both heating and cooling mechanisms in place to get optimum growing conditions for plants, in other words, in the real world's analogy of greenhouse with convection and open windows, all the gases which are our atmosphere are greenhouse gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen for the stability of temperature by gravity and wind and water for cooling by convection of gases with volume.

So, having the imaginary ideal gas in their fictional AGW Greenhouse Effect world, they have no gravity, no convection so no wind, no weather, no water cycle, their clouds appear by magic and never come down as rain..

Here how it works: Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.

A lack of insulating sea ice vastly increases energy loss since open water loses much more energy by convection and latent heat loss.

Through horizontal averaging, variations of water vapor and temperature that are related to the horizontal transport by the large - scale circulation will be largely removed, and thus the water vapor and temperature relationship obtained is more indicative of the property of moist convection, and is thus more relevant to the issue of water vapor feedback in global warming.

(There is little water vapor in the upper atmosphere and most energy leaves the lower atmosphere by convection to or radiation to the upper atmosphere.)

The warmed surface water is then transferred downward into the water column by conduction and convection.

The relationships between the NAO and deep water production are discussed by R. Dickson, «Observations of DecCen climate variability in convection and water mass formation in the northern hemisphere,» in the CLIVAR Villefranche workshop summary at http://www.dkrz.de/clivar/villesum.html. More generally, see the Climate Research Committee, National Research Council, Natural Climate Variability on Decade - to - Century Time Scales (National Academy Press 1995).

If ink is dropped in water, one usually observes an inhomogeneous evolution of the spatial distribution, which clearly indicates convection (caused, in particular, by this dropping).

But deep water production by convection may be less, depending on how much NADW is Arctic in origin and how much is simply recirculated Antarctic bottom water (extremely dense water, formed as brine under the sea ice around polynas offshore of Antarctica and sliding down the continental shelf into the depths without much mixing, creates a giant pool of dense water extending all the way up the bottom of the Atlantic to about 60 ° N).

So, they don't have wind and weather, they have no volume of gases to convect and they don't have separation of gases by weight under gravity, they don't have the water cycle, they don't have rain in the carbon cycle, they don't have heat transfer by convection, they don't have sound.

At Tmax, for example, there has been a steady T rise as the sun moves higher in the sky, the rise helped by convection of air with hot packets in it surrounding the site, held back if frost has formed overnight, complicated if there is snow around and water phase change effects need consideration, hindered or lagged by the thermal inertia of the screen surrounding the thermometer as the screen heats up.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

The solar heating of the surface is mostly carried away by evaporation, with some convection and some radiation arriving to the cosmos after escaping absorption by water vapor and clouds, for a global average of about 20 W / m ².

For the longest time it was thought that the MOC was «thermohaline», or sometimes referred to as horizontal convection, driven by water sinking at the North Atlantic polar regions and gradually diffusing up in various equatorward regions, which seems pretty inefficient.

If CO2 increases there is more cooling at say 250 mbar and less cooling below: such a setting is likely to be erased by convection; and by a slight reduction of the water vapour content of the upper troposphere that will restore the OLR.

That increases the CO2 levels near the sea surface (but that is readlily dispersed by convection, as good as the water vapour).

Due to this loss of energy, the temperature of the remain water has dropped (1 / heat capacity = 0.24 degK / (kJ / kg)-RRB- OR the lost energy must be imported by: conduction (collisions transferring kinetic energy), convection (a new group of molecules with a new average energy), or absorbing radiation.

All that is needed is to add heat carried upwards past the denser atmosphere (and most CO2) by convection and the latent heat from water changing state (the majority of heat transport to the tropopause), the albedo effects of clouds, the inability of long wave «downwelling» (the blue balls) to warm water that makes up 2 / 3rds of the Earth's surface, and that due to huge differences in enthalpy dry air takes far less energy to warm than humid air so temperature is not a measure of atmospheric heat content.

Without a wind or convection to mix the air, the only way water vapor escapes from near the ocean - air interface is by diffusion, which is very slow.

Higher SSTs are generally accompanied by increased water vapour in the lower troposphere (see Section 3.4.2.1 and Figure 3.20), thus the moist static energy that fuels convection and thunderstorms is also increased.

2) None of the surface energy could pass to the atmosphere by radiation, conduction, convection or the latent heat of evaporation (of black - body water).

Similarly, at night, you can freeze water by digging a hole in the desert to restrict convection even though air temperatures can be 20 °C +.

I have a strong hunch that NONE of these radiative calcs mean anything, anyway, because any of the effects are instantly overwhelmed by other phenomenon, such as convection and water evaporation / condensation.

The temperature structure as a function of altitude, i.e. the lapse rate, in the troposphere is set by the considerations discussed regarding adiabatic expansion and compression (basically because a lapse rate higher than the appropriate adiabatic lapse rate for the given water vapor content is unstable and leads to convection until marginal stability is restored).