Sentences with phrase «water clouds absorb»

On Earth, water clouds absorb IR so strongly before there is any opportunity for scattering.

Not exact matches

Trees perform three major climate functions: They absorb carbon, which they pull from the atmosphere, creating a cooling effect; their dark green leaves absorb light from the sun, heating Earth's surface; and they draw water from the soil, which evaporates into the atmosphere, creating low clouds that reflect the sun's hot rays (a mechanism known as evotranspiration that also leads to cooling).

Water molecules in interstellar clouds might absorb enough heat to allow the cloud to continue to collapse and form a star.

If it were possible to leave the clouds but remove all other water vapour from the atmosphere, only about 40 % less infrared of all frequencies would be absorbed.

Take away the clouds and all other greenhouses gases, however, and the water vapour alone would still absorb about 60 % of the infrared now absorbed.

First, they enter the water droplets that form clouds, where they bathe in sunshine and absorb the light energy.

The cloud whales have the ability to absorb different liquids or small objects, such as water, oil, or nuts, which can then be dropped or shot at objects.

That doens» t affect the equilibrium increase in the upward flux at TRPP in response, though it may change how much of that is absorbed by the stratosphere (perhaps a reduction due to shielding of water vapor and CO2 wings in the stratosphere by increased tropospheric water vapor (as it would by an increase in clouds, particularly higher clouds)-- PS feedbacks also change the baseline spectral flux in the vicinity of the CO2 band.

The convective heat / mass transfer due to water dwarfs any radiative forcing; besides — just on optical depth alone, any re-radiated LWIR from atmospheric CO2 would be IMMEDIATELY absorbed by the much higher concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere (aka clouds!)

Less well appreciated is that clouds (made of ice particles and / or liquid water droplets) also absorb infrared radiation and contribute to the greenhouse effect, too.

Indeed, some wavelengths of IR can be absorbed by both water vapor or clouds, or water vapor and CO2.

If you consider that the Earth is also about 2 / 3rds cloud covered and any CO2 or other GHG absorption would not matter because the clouds would be absorbing the energy anyway, over 90 % of the GHE is from water vapor and / or clouds and less than 10 % is from CO2 and other GHGs.

Different substances absorb different frequencies of IR, and the different parts of the planet differ wildly in how much IR is being emitted (based as it is on surface temperature) and how much cloud and water vapor there is at that location (carbon dioxide is very well mixed).

Cold water in clouds is the nearest sink that absorbs the CO2 that is outgassed from the surface of the ocean.

The air cools because there are no clouds to block the rising warm air and there little water vapor to absorb the OLR.

Most of it is absorbed by clouds, carbon dioxide, and water vapour and is then reemitted in all directions.

«The main absorbers of infrared in the atmosphere are water vapor and clouds.

Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth.»

Trees are not only carbon - sinks, but they also perform two other climate - affecting tasks: they absorb light into their dark leaves — causing a warming effect — and they pull water out of the ground and into the air, creating low clouds that promote cooling.

Clouds do not absorb and re radiate IR radiation; clouds reflect this energy with a reflection coefficient of.3 at each water air interface which is why clouds can prevent over 99 % of the energy impinging on them from escaping into space.

[1] Greenhouse gases, which include water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, warm the atmosphere by efficiently absorbing thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, by the atmosphere itself, and by clouds.

A slight change of ocean temperature (after a delay caused by the high specific heat of water, the annual mixing of thermocline waters with deeper waters in storms) ensures that rising CO2 reduces infrared absorbing H2O vapour while slightly increasing cloud cover (thus Earth's albedo), as evidenced by the fact that the NOAA data from 1948 - 2008 shows a fall in global humidity (not the positive feedback rise presumed by NASA's models!)

They merely trigger the condensation of water vapour (which saturates very easily in low pressure air) into cloud droplets which reflect back sunlight to space, rather than absorbing infrared as water vapour does.

Basically, Dr Ferenc Miskolczi's life as a NASA climate research scientist was made hell because he discovered that the extra water vapour being evaporated is not having a positive - feedback (increasing the CO2 warming effect by absorbing more infrared from the sun), instead it is going into increased cloud cover, which reflects incoming sunlight back to space.

What is ACTUALLY happening now is that the atmospheric greenhouse effect is getting stronger; and at the same time the circulations of water and air and heat and cloud and so on around the globe are going on their merry chaotic way, meaning that we are going to have unpredictable short term variations while there is a continual flow of heat into the ocean from the energy imbalance between what is being emitted and what is being absorbed.

In the real world, the water vapour transparency window (8µm to 12 µm) may bring some reduction in the radiation of the air absorbed by the surface with respect to the radiation of the surface absorbed by the air; nevertheless F. Miskolczi a from hundreds of profiles (Tiros Initial Guess Retrieval) shown with line by line calculation that it is still true that the radiation of the air absorbed by the surface equals (more or less) the radiation of the surface absorbed by the air; and clouds «close the window» for a quite significant part or the time.

Fortunately, as depicted in Figure 2 (orange «thermal down surface» arrow), some of this energy does stay in the atmosphere, where it is sent back toward Earth by clouds, released by clouds as they condense to form rain or snow, or absorbed by atmospheric gases composed of three or more atoms, such as water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4).

Without water vapour, clouds shading the surface or the current 20 % of incident solar radiation being absorbed on the way down through the atmosphere, then nearly twice as much solar radiation would strike the surface, making it more like +5 °C.

The model also does not take into account dust and water in the form of clouds which both hold great quantities of CO2 and which takes it directly and quickly into the carbon life cycle at ground level and uses it up and none of this directly absorbed solar radiation is taken into account in the model.

What this tells me is that even with different energy input (SH absorbs more energy due to lower clear sky albedo) clouds regulated the albedo of both hemispheres to be equal, ie clouds actively control the surface temps, actually I should say that water vapor actively regulates surface temps.

The shape of the CO2 band is such that, once saturated near the center over sufficiently small distances, increases in CO2 don't have much affect on the net radiative energy transfer from one layer of air to the other so long as CO2 is the only absorbing and emitting agent — but increases in CO2 will reduce the LW cooling of the surface to space, the net LW cooling from the surface to the air, the net LW cooling of the atmosphere to space (except in the stratosphere), and in general, it will tend to reduce the net LW cooling from a warmer to cooler layer when at least one of those layers contains some other absorbing / emitting substance (surface, water vapor, clouds) or is space)

However, that equilibrium state — given the changes in water vapour, clouds and increases in surface temperature happens to absorb more LW than you started with.

While pollution in some areas provides nuclei for water to condense on to form clouds, in other places there may be soot particles, which could absorb sunlight and cause the cloud to burn off (evaporate) during the day, leaving less cloud to warm the night.

Is there any likelihood a bloom of plankton (from a freshwater pulse, or fallout of a dust cloud full of minerals, for example) would change the temperature of the surface water (change the reflectivity, I suppose, or change how much is absorbed by making more complicated molecules for photosynthesis)-- sufficient to make the water mass density change, affecting whether it sinks or not?

The SGM doesn't have clouds and even if you put in an absorber with a different scale height like water vapor, it's never saturated, so there are no phase changes above the surface.

There's some warming from above such as ozone absorbing solar UV and water vapor or clouds absorbing solar near - infrared.

Climate models encapsulate what we know about how the Sun's rays travel through the atmosphere and how heat from the surface of the Earth gets absorbed by clouds, water vapour and, of course, carbon dioxide.

«These clouds account for the high reflectivity of Venus, but because they also reflect infrared back to the surface (unlike water clouds, which absorb and emit)»

Because of the different intramolecular forces between water molecules as vapor in air, water, and ice, the wavelengths of emission and absorption are shifted; some of the radiation from the water / ice droplets at the top of a cloud can escape to space because the atmosphere above it is transparent at its wavelengths, whereas the same radiation from droplets at the bottom of a cloud will be absorbed and re-emitted in random directions from the droplets above, including back down to the originating droplets.

«The ozone layer, the water vapor, the clouds, dust and aerosols attenuates it in the following way: 1368 W / m ^ 2 / 1.35 reflected by the atmosphere and Earth's surface = 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 / 1.20 absorbed by the atmosphere = 844.4 W / m ^ 2 From this power, the surface only absorbs a power of 692.41 W,»

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.

When air rises, it cools, can absorb less water, and you get clouds or rain.