Sentences with phrase «water column temperature»
However, the hydrate stability zone thickness decreases to zero near the top of its depth range in the ocean, and an increase in water column temperature there could eliminate the stability zone entirely, potentially providing an easier pathway for methane to reach the sea floor.
https://www.nap.edu/ Not exact matches
Warming temperatures in the Chesapeake Bay region's streams will have implications for future shifts in water quality, eutrophication and water column layers in the bay.
In these species, the mineralization capacity depends on the concentrations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolved in the water column, the temperature and pressure of these waters.
Linsley said the new results were «exciting,» suggesting that the «poorly understood, rapid rise» in surface temperature from 1910 to 1940 was, in part, «related to changes in trade wind strength and heat release from the upper water column» of the Pacific Ocean.
Had regional temperature cooled by ∼ 4 °C, as has been estimated from climate models of the eruption's impact (14), the lake would likely have experienced massive overturn of the water column, a major iron oxidation event, and extermination of much of the biota in the upper water column.
Changes in current direction or temperature within the water column, for example, may correlate to changes in biological productivity or weather patterns.
Linear trend (1955 — 2003) of zonally averaged temperature in the upper 1,500 m of the water column of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and World Oceans.
The oceanographic programme carried out during the LOMROG III cruise included the collection of water column profiles with conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) data.
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The vertical temperature profile may also play a role, as warmer water is lighter, and thus the stability of the water column depends on how fast the temperature drops with depth — more stable water column is less prone to mixing.
The resulting weaker density stratification allowed more vertical mixing of the water column during storms in late September and early October, leading to the observed warming of the near - bottom layer in the still ice - free Laptev Sea... Warmer water temperatures near the seabed may also impact the stability of the shelf's submarine permafrost.»
Lake Superior surface temperature was 41 F, pretty close to the 40 F temperature water column equilibrium allowing more surface freezing; although, Lake Superior being so much larger and deeper having a lot more heat energy stored, usually slower to freeze over completely.
This paper reports high - resolution (15 min) water column and streambed temperature data for storm events of...
This paper reports high - resolution (15 min) water column and streambed temperature data for storm events of contrasting magnitude, duration, and intensity for three streams (draining glacier, snow, and groundwater sources) across an alpine river system during summers 2002 and 2003.
MF says «Now looking at deep water, it is noticed that temperature at great depths appears to be independent of pressure brought about by the effects of gravity on a column of water, and actually decrease as pressure increases, to a limit independent of gravity, depth, pressure, or insolation.
This means that if the surface temperature is constant and energy is slowly transferring into the water column all the way to the sea floor, the ocean will keep expanding and sea level will continue rising.
Now looking at deep water, it is noticed that temperature at great depths appears to be independent of pressure brought about by the effects of gravity on a column of water, and actually decrease as pressure increases, to a limit independent of gravity, depth, pressure, or insolation.
In an earlier study the One - dimensional (1 - D) water column models have been used extensively to determine the limit of OTEC resources [Nihous, G.C., Ocean Engineering, 34, 2210 - 21, 2007], estimated to be around 3 - 5 TW (resource is self - limited by large flow rates required and temperature differences).
In the water column we have no practically detectable density gradient and hence no practically detectable temperature gradient.
That means a water column has a potential temperature just like air.
Dead zones — massive stratified columns of oxygen - deprived water — could become the new normal in oceans around the world as global temperatures continue to rise.
where T is the mean temperature in the air column, and P ≡ wNγ (0) = wNv (0) is the upwelling flux of water vapor (mol m − 2 s − 1), which, in the stationary state and assuming complete condensation, is equal to the downward flux of precipitating water.
The saturated partial pressure of water vapor at the surface pv (Ts)(4) is determined by surface temperature and, as it is in hydrostatic equilibrium, equals the weight of water vapor in the static column.»
As far as I know, this last sentence can not be true: it would mean that the weight of water vapor in the static column would be fixed by surface temperature, and vice versa.
Then water vapor follows the hydrostatic distribution and its total amount in the column is determined by surface temperature.»
I did not suggest that the whole water column needed to reach a new temperature.
Even on the Siberian continental margin, where water temperatures are colder than the global average, and where the sediment column retains the cold imprint from its exposure to the atmosphere during the last glacial time 20,000 years ago, any methane hydrate must be buried under at least 200 m of water or sediment.
In order of seniority, the seven feedbacks that seem outstanding are: Water vapour — rising by ~ 7 % per 1.0 C of warming; Albedo loss — due mostly to cryosphere decline; Microbial peat - bog decay — due to rising CO2 affecting ecological dynamics; Desiccation of tropical and temperate soils — due to SAT rise and droughts; Permafrost melt — due to SAT rise plus loss of snow cover, etc; Forest combustion — due to SAT rise, droughts, pest responses, etc; Methyl clathrates [aka methane hydrates] now threatened by rising sea - temperatures, increased water column mixing, Water vapour — rising by ~ 7 % per 1.0 C of warming; Albedo loss — due mostly to cryosphere decline; Microbial peat - bog decay — due to rising CO2 affecting ecological dynamics; Desiccation of tropical and temperate soils — due to SAT rise and droughts; Permafrost melt — due to SAT rise plus loss of snow cover, etc; Forest combustion — due to SAT rise, droughts, pest responses, etc; Methyl clathrates [aka methane hydrates] now threatened by rising sea - temperatures, increased water column mixing, water column mixing, etc..
In winter, you can see that the water is generally uniform in temperature throughout the water column due to heavy mixing.
This means that unless a ship was first in column, any temperature measurement would be in waters that had been churned up by one or (more commonly) several other ships.
Lake temperature is taken all along the water column.
And we have two water columns, say C1 and C2 at same initial temperature.
At midnight it was -15 C outside in light winds in a small High Arctic Barrow Strait bay (74 43 North) and larger patches of grey ice were forming amongst open water with a star light night with ice crystals columns, it looks like my -11 C surface temperature refreeze setting may need to be revised to a cooler number.
Our climate model exposes amplifying feedbacks in the Southern Ocean that slow Antarctic bottom water formation and increase ocean temperature near ice shelf grounding lines, while cooling the surface ocean and increasing sea ice cover and water column stability.
How do we know the temperature change in the water column on any given month in any particular body of water unless systematic sampling is being done which really only occured in the last 5 years with submersible probes?
As mentioned above 0.5 W is not enough to heat 500 m water column by 0.5 C over 30 years, even if all the heat goes into the water, and none of it is lost because all else equal: higher temperature equals greater heat losses.
In addition to this natural variability, humans have perturbed climate by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have increased ocean temperatures, water column stratification, hypoxia, and water column anoxia and have decreased surface ocean pH [6], [7].
This research evaluated the potential for integrated biofilters (IBFs) consisting of a subsurface flow constructed wetlands, a living wall, and living columns to attenuate wastewater pollutants while converting wastewater into a water resource to reduce the temperature of building envelopes and cultivate edible crops.