Sentences with phrase «water near the surface of the ocean»

So, for example, a big part of what drives a hurricane is the fact that you've got a lot of warm water near the surface of the ocean that is transferring heat into the air, and that's what's moving up, and that is a big part of then what's propelling the entire bigger storm system.

Not exact matches

The shrimp represent centimeter - sized swimmers, including krill and shrimplike copepods, found throughout the world's oceans that may together be capable of mixing ocean layers — and delivering nutrient - rich deep waters to phytoplankton, or microscopic marine plants, near the surface, the researchers suggest.

Today, cold water sinks near the Arctic and flows deep below the surface of the Atlantic toward the southern oceans, where it rises up.

The oxygen content of the ocean may be subject to frequent ups and downs in a very literal sense — that is, in the form of the numerous sea creatures that dine near the surface at night then submerge into the safety of deeper, darker waters at daybreak.

The wind keeps a layer of warm water near the surface in Indonesia, reducing the temperature difference across the Indian Ocean and so minimising the strength of positive IOD events.

Water takes a lot of energy to heat, and our oceans are very deep, so sunlight only raises the temperature near the surface.

Because the upwelled waters ran along the surface for a longer period of time, nutrients spent more time near the surface of the ocean where phytoplankton could feed on them for longer.

This water vapor contributes to the development of what is called a marine layer near the surface of the ocean.

The oceans are not a single reservoir for CO2, but a combination of near surface waters and deeper layers.

I suspect the amount of additional 33psu surface waters entrained by the sinking brine is indicated by the nearly 35psu salinity of Arctic ocean water below about 300 meters depth; if the salt from each cubic meter of ice formed were added to approximately 15 cubic meters of water at 33psu, it would raise the salinity to near 35psu.

The point of the observations that you have gathered from the people who study, as opposed to merely post speculations, is the water near the bottom of the Arctic Ocean is isolated from the ice on its surface.

Model simulations indicate that polar surface waters will become undersaturated for aragonite in the near future for the Arctic (atmospheric carbon dioxide of 400 - 450 ppm) and by mid-century for the southern ocean off the Antarctic (atmospheric carbon dioxide of 550 - 600 ppm).

17 El Nino verses La Nina El Niño La Niña Trade winds weaken Warm ocean water replaces offshore cold water near South America Irregular intervals of three to seven years Wetter than average winters in NC La Niña Normal conditions between El Nino events When surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are colder than average The southern US is usually warmer and dryer in climate

Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly avocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly avocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly avocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly avOcean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly average

Cold water in clouds is the nearest sink that absorbs the CO2 that is outgassed from the surface of the ocean.

The vertically integrated inventory of human emitted CO2 in the oceans is (not surprisingly) much greater in areas of cold deep convection, especially in the northern Atlantic (the falling leg of the thermohaline circulation), and much less in the tropics where the ocean is strongly stratified; absorption in the tropics really is more in the near - surface waters.

Most of the deep ocean warming is occurring in the subtropical ocean gyres - vast rotating masses of water in each ocean basin where near - surface currents converge and are forced downward into the ocean interior.

Surface Currents Horizontal movements of ocean water caused by wind and occurring at or near the ocean's surface are called surface cuSurface Currents Horizontal movements of ocean water caused by wind and occurring at or near the ocean's surface are called surface cusurface are called surface cusurface currents.

These two near - surface currents converge in the centre of the subtropical ocean gyres and, with nowhere else to go, the water is directed downward into the ocean interior (known as Ekman pumping).

As I have said before, water is most of surface area of earth near the equator, and tropics [40 % of surface area of earth] receives most of the Sun's energy and the tropical ocean does seem to me to drive Earth's climate.

The waters that underlie the near - surface subtropical waters have freshened due to equatorward circulation of the freshened subpolar surface waters; in particular, the fresh intermediate water layer (at ~ 1,000 m) in the SH has freshened in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Already — not decades from now as scientists previously expected — corrosive shelf water off the continental shelf of the West Coast is eating away at the shells of tiny free - swimming marine snails, called pteropods, that swim near the ocean's surface and provide food for a variety of fishes, including salmon, mackerel, and herring.

The Pentagon report describes a scenario in which human - caused global warming leads to a near - term collapse of the ocean's thermohaline circulation, which brings warm surface waters from the tropics to the North Atlantic, warming parts of Western Europe.

However, the data also showed that significant amounts of carbon dioxide were being absorbed by the waters near the ocean surface.

The world's climate is way too complex... with way too many significant global and regional variables (e.g., solar, volcanic and geologic activity, variations in the strength and path of the jet stream and major ocean currents, the seasons created by the tilt of the earth, and the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere, which by the way is many times more effective at holding heat near the surface of the earth than is carbon dioxide, a non-toxic, trace gas that all plant life must have to survive, and that produce the oxygen that WE need to survive) to consider for any so - called climate model to generate a reliable and reproducible predictive model.

The cold sub-polar water displaces the warm surface layer nearer the equator and facilitates cold water upwelling on the eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean.

Ocean acidification, rising ocean temperatures, declining sea ice, and other environmental changes interact to affect the location and abundance of marine fish, including those that are commercially important, those used as food by other species, and those used for subsistence.16, 17,18,122,19,20,21 These changes have allowed some near - surface fish species such as salmon to expand their ranges northward along the Alaskan coast.124, 125,126 In addition, non-native species are invading Alaskan waters more rapidly, primarily through ships releasing ballast waters and bringing southerly species to Alaska.5, 127 These species introductions could affect marine ecosystems, including the feeding relationships of fish important to commercial and subsistence fisheOcean acidification, rising ocean temperatures, declining sea ice, and other environmental changes interact to affect the location and abundance of marine fish, including those that are commercially important, those used as food by other species, and those used for subsistence.16, 17,18,122,19,20,21 These changes have allowed some near - surface fish species such as salmon to expand their ranges northward along the Alaskan coast.124, 125,126 In addition, non-native species are invading Alaskan waters more rapidly, primarily through ships releasing ballast waters and bringing southerly species to Alaska.5, 127 These species introductions could affect marine ecosystems, including the feeding relationships of fish important to commercial and subsistence fisheocean temperatures, declining sea ice, and other environmental changes interact to affect the location and abundance of marine fish, including those that are commercially important, those used as food by other species, and those used for subsistence.16, 17,18,122,19,20,21 These changes have allowed some near - surface fish species such as salmon to expand their ranges northward along the Alaskan coast.124, 125,126 In addition, non-native species are invading Alaskan waters more rapidly, primarily through ships releasing ballast waters and bringing southerly species to Alaska.5, 127 These species introductions could affect marine ecosystems, including the feeding relationships of fish important to commercial and subsistence fisheries.

Water vapour content is largely a function of temperature, particularly ocean surface and near - surface temperature.

It notes that despite the cooling effect of La Niña, most evident in the near - surface waters of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, 1999 was still one of the warmest years in the global historical instrumental record.

Well, I was one of the first persons in the blogosphere at the time to evaluate that, because I compared the dip in the temperature of sampled water with the dip in the temperature of near - surface air measured on ships, and observed that approximately half or so of the dip was explainable by instrumentation changes and the remainder by some other mechanism — probably a change in internal ocean dynamics (PDO, AMO, etc..)

However, in the deep tropics, where the theoretical effects on the surface energy budget of temperature - driven changes in evaporation and water vapour are particularly strong, there is a near quarter century record of both SST and tas from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array of fixed buoys in the Pacific oOcean array of fixed buoys in the Pacific oceanocean.

The ocean waters of the deep circumpolar current that swirl around the continent have been getting measurably warmer and nearer the ocean surface over the last 40 years, [continue reading...]

Warming bottom waters in deeper parts of the ocean, where surface sediment is much colder than freezing and the hydrate stability zone is relatively thick, would not thaw hydrates near the sediment surface, but downward heat diffusion into the sediment column would thin the stability zone from below, causing basal hydrates to decompose, releasing gaseous methane.

There is also an increased upwelling of deep cold ocean waters and more intense uprising of surface air near South America, resulting in increasing numbers of drought occurrences, although fishermen reap benefits from the more nutrient - filled eastern Pacific waters.

Scientists looked at radiocarbon levels in the shells of microscopic animals which lived both near the surface and on / near the bottom of the Southern Ocean, and found large quantities of carbon locked away in «old deep water» around Antarctica.

Depending on the rate of fossil fuel burning, the pH of ocean water near the surface is expected to drop to 7.7 to 7.9 by 2100, lower than any time in the last 420,000 years, the Royal Society report said.

Thus, the static stability of the near - surface water increases and the convective mixing of cold surface water with the relatively warm subsurface water is reduced, thereby contributing to the reduction of sea surface temperature in the Circumpolar Ocean.