Sentences with phrase «water reaches the surface»

The Galileo mission to Jupiter bolstered the case in 1999, showing for instance that Europa is scarred by long cracks that may periodically open up and let water reach the surface.

Once the warm water reaches the surface, it interacts with the atmosphere, creating weather patterns that can cause droughts, storms, fires, and floods throughout the world.

First, conditions on Mars are such that any water reaching the surface supposedly would not remain liquid for very long but would boil, freeze, or poof into vapor.

If as a result of physical processes (such as El Nino) warmer water reaches the surface of the ocean, so less heat is conducted from the atmosphere into the ocean and the atmopsheric temperature will therefore increase — on a much shorter — comparatively instantaneous — timescale.

It is this colder deeper water reaching the surface waters that restrains an increase in GMST to less than that naively expected from solar or atmosperic changes just as it is warmer water rising to the surface (such as, obviously, El Nino) that boosts an increase in GMST to more than that naively expected from solar or atmosperic changes.

Before 1980 this salty water reached the surface releasing large amounts of heat, then cooled and sank to the bottom of the ocean.

Not exact matches

He reaches in and grabs all his hand will hold, turns towards the water and with all his strength throws his arm and releases the food feathering the still surface of the lake.

1) Sift the flour into a mixing bowl 2) Add the salt to the flour, mixing together 3) Add the olive oil, mixing as you add to ensure the flour envelopes the oil 4) Add warm water bit by bit until dough reaches the right consistency 5) One the dough ready, roll it into a ball, and knead well on a cool, flat surface 6) Flatten the dough with a wooden rolling pin 7) Cut into 10 cm pieces and roll them long enough and evenly 8) Place the pin - shaped dough on a well - greased baking tray 9) Bake in oven at 175 deg cel (medium heat for gas ovens) for 20 -30 minutes or until the sticks are ready (test by breaking off a small piece to check that the inside is well cooked) 10) Allow to cool for 5 minutes before serving

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

He said while some hyrofracking chemicals are toxic and carcinogenic, public exposure to such chemicals is manageable, and that there are no known cases of the chemicals — which are injected deep underground a mile or more to fracture gas - bearing rock layers — reaching the surface to contaminate water or air.

Dispersants have been applied to oil slicks on the ocean surface for half a century to break petroleum into smaller droplets that dissipate into waters of the open ocean so that less oil reaches ecologically sensitive coastlines.

The European Space Agency's Mars Express satellite has used ground - penetrating radar in some areas to look for a water table but found no evidence for one, despite research that concluded any water would be found within 9 kilometres of the surface — well within the reach of the probe's instruments.

Under certain conditions, the warm water of the lower layer can reach the surface and melt the ice.

The best case scenario was water reaching about 90 per cent of the way to the surface.

Intriguingly, that means water could potentially reach the surface from a deep crater, where there was less ice to get through — perhaps even from a crater like the one where Dawn saw the bright spot.

Cynthia: Such as: How do you design a deep - water vehicle that can without human eyes telling it specifically what to do, navigate deep under water, recognize coral, reach out, take a small sample and speed back up to the surface?

Surface waters become warm enough (in spring) or cool enough (in autumn) to reach 4 ° Celsius, the temperature at which these waters become dense and sink toward the lake's bottom, mixing the waters.

In spring, using the Great Lakes as an example, the cold surface waters begin to warm; when they reach 4 °, they become dense enough to sink.

Prospects for Venusian life have been dismissed because of harsh conditions on the planet's surface: there is no water, temperatures reach 477 °C and the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that on Earth's surface.

The next most abundant gases — water vapor and carbon dioxide — do absorb a portion of the infrared heat radiated by the earth's surface, thereby preventing it from reaching space.

But a reduction in the number and intensity of large hurricanes driving ocean waters on shore — such as this month's Hurricane Joaquin, seen, which reached category 4 strength — may also play a role by cooling sea - surface temperatures that fuel the growth of these monster storms, the team notes.

The birds first swim in small, fast circles on the surface of the water, creating a vortex that pulls creatures up within their reach.

This makes it possible to precisely measure the altitude of the ocean water which reaches the surface through ice cracks and openings.

Warm and saline water transported poleward cools at the surface when it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.

Although the researchers did not examine in this study what prevents methane released from the seafloor from reaching the atmosphere, they suspect it is biodegraded by microorganisms in the ocean before it hits the surface waters.

«We found that very little ancient methane reaches surface waters even in the relatively shallow depths of 100 feet.

That kept deep, nutrient - rich water from reaching the surface — an upwelling that serves as «a kind of turbo boost to the ecosystem,» Parrish says.

And it increases the amount of light reaching Arctic surface waters, spurring the growth of phytoplankton, tiny organisms that form the base of the Arctic ocean food chain.

Their absence on the mud flats is because many appear to migrate to the upper reaches of the harbour where they cluster around surface water sewer outfalls.

Some of that water eventually reached the surface through volcanoes.

Since the spheres form underground as groundwater rises through the soil, the find suggests the water rose only so far and then stopped — without reaching the surface.

On top of that, there is little real - world information about how the Arctic's own oil (rather than an amalgam from an oil pipeline, as is now tested) will behave in the Arctic's heavily stratified water column, which could prevent deep spills from reaching the surface.

«Once the melts reach the surface, the water can directly affect the explosiveness of magma.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

Underneath this layer lies cold ocean water, and the Ekman pumping reaches sufficients depths in the east to bring some of this up to the surface.

It is also now thought that dark material in large fissures on the surface are sea salt deposits left over after water quickly evaporated upon reaching the surface.

As less radiation reaches the surface, the atmosphere may become more stable and clouds more persistent than usual, and less water will evaporate from the surface, a finding corroborated by Qian's China study.

Among the potential technological tools of the mission is a super-heated drill that would land on the moon's frozen surface and burrow through approximately 15 miles of frozen water, reaching the massive store of liquid water beneath.

The data from Keck Observatory shows that peroxide is widespread across much of the surface of Europa, and the highest concentrations are reached in regions where Europa's ice is nearly pure water with very little sulfur contamination.

However, if degassing is more dependent on seafloor pressure and regassing mainly dependent on mantle temperature, the degassing rate is relatively large at late times and a steady - state between degassing and regassing is reached with a substantial surface water fraction.

Increased ocean temperatures also make the waters more stratified — preventing nutrient - rich water from below from rising to the surface and oxygen - rich water from reaching the middle layers.

In the West Pacific, the warm surface waters reach deeper than anywhere else in the ocean.

The salts could be remnants of an ocean, or localized bodies of water, that reached the surface and then froze millions of years ago.

Climate change made it 175 times more likely that the surface waters of the Coral Sea, which off the Queensland coastline is home to Australia's Great Barrier Reef, would reach the record - breaking temperatures last month that bleached reefs, modeling analysis showed.

When using a rice cooker you won't reach those temperatures because the surface is completely covered by water until the rice is cooked.

VIOLENCE / GORE 6 - A woman swims into rough waves near rocks to rescue her dog that seems to be stuck in heavy undertow and we see the dog disappear under the water's surface, and the woman as well when her husband struggles to reach her; another man pulls the husband to the shore, but he goes back in and does not come back out leaving their young child crying on the beach (we see the baby again later in the dark and continuing to cry on the beach).

Whereas five types of surface (cultivated areas, pastures, forests, fisheries and built environment), planet Earth has approximately 13.4 billion global hectares (gha) of biologically productive land and water according to 2010 data from the Global Footprint Network and humanity's ecological footprint reached the milestone of 2.7 global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.shtml >].

The difference is the intensity at which the surface water will reach the outlets.

To my mind, the railing of our little vessel was already perilously close to the surface of the water, and I could only believe that to stop for anything at all would decrease our chances of reaching that critical...

Coat is harsh and oily on the surface with a woolly, insulating undercoat that prevents water from reaching the skin.