Not all of
the water returns to the surface.
Earth's oceans would disappear due to this process, if it weren't for
water returning to the surface via volcanism (mainly at mid-ocean ridges).
Much of
that water returns to the surface and is stored in lined pits or closed tanks for recycling or injection in underground storage caverns offsite.
A large fraction of the injected
water returns to the surface as wastewater containing high concentrations of heavy metals, oils, greases and soluble organic compounds [161].
A large fraction of the injected
water returns to the surface as wastewater containing high concentrations of heavy metals, oils, greases and soluble organic compounds [161].
That water returns to the surface in a variety of locations that are nearer the equator, but not necessarily in the tropics.
Not exact matches
To clean the baby mattress simply hand or machine wash the elasticised comfort layer cover and wipe down the HPU layer with warm soapy water and towel dry the surface, before returning a clean elasticised top comfort layer cover to the mattres
To clean the baby mattress simply hand or machine wash the elasticised comfort layer cover and wipe down the HPU layer with warm soapy
water and towel dry the
surface, before
returning a clean elasticised top comfort layer cover
to the mattres
to the mattress.
Essentially, they found that protons from a thin layer of
water stretching across the
surface of the catalyst detach from the
water molecules and attach
to oxygen molecules, briefly moving onto the
surface of the catalyst
to spur the reaction before
returning to the
water layer.
Observations show when
water vapour is taken up by the atmosphere through evaporation, the updraughts can either rise
to 15 km
to form clouds that produce heavy rains or rise just a few kilometres before
returning to the
surface without forming rain clouds.
The study bolsters the idea that Mars once had a warmer climate and active hydrologic cycle, with
water evaporating from an ancient ocean,
returning to the
surface as rainfall and eroding the planet's extensive network of valleys.
Most of that
returns to the
surface via volcanic activity, but about 640 billion pounds (300 billion kg) of
water continue into the deeper mantle, where it can react with iron.
Some of these patients improved after they received hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the same type of treatment used for scuba divers who
return to the
surface of the
water too quickly and get the bends.
4) Pour in about 2 cups
water, and
return fish
to pan and place them in a single layer, with the skin
surface touching the pan.
When we dive we are immersed in salt
water and when we
return to the
surface, unless we rinse off thoroughly with fresh
water, there will be salt
water on our skin which evaporates leaving small salt crystals on our skin and hair.
Hence, the energy
returned to the
surface is less than the energy expended
to vaporize the
surface water.
However, freshened polar
surface waters act as a barrier
to atmospheric transfer, diverting products into the deep
return flow.»
Sea level on the West coast may begin
to rise due
to climate regime shift as warm
surface waters return to the Pacific Read More
Furthermore, during the peak of the upwelling season (May - June), central and northern California Current coastal
waters returned to normal temperatures as cold
water was brought
to the
surface.
There are those who appear
to steadfastly maintain that all thermal radiation is from the
surface and the and the convection
return flow, which must heat at the dry adiabatic rate of 9.8 deg C per 1000 meters going down — unless it is gobbling up condensed
water vapor on the way, and reach the
surface before it can be cooled again.
This cold polar
water eventually
returns to the
surface in a variety of different ways.
Atlantic
surface waters eventually
return northward
to the Labrador and Greenland seas in the North Atlantic.
The circulation is asymmetric, with conversion
to dense
waters in restricted regions at high latitudes and the
return to the
surface involving slow upwelling and diffusive processes over much larger geographic regions.
Since the whole world does not appear
to freeze during a ice age, the must be massive ice making going at the pole driven by heat lifting oceans of
water to the sky from the equator where it is pushed by the expanding air and vapor
to the poles areas where it
returns to the
surface and follows cold land like a culvert between warmer expanding ocean air back down
to the equatoral region.
When one a
surface of
water being heated, you have balance of gas molecules briefly leaving the
surface and
return to the
surface.
It can not account for the huge volume of leftover warm
water that's below the
surface and
returned to the West Pacific and into the eastern tropical Indian Ocean via off - equatorial slow - moving Rossby waves.
So the closer
to the
surface more of the
water gas molecules
return to liquid
surface, and the gas molecules higher
return at slower rate [if at all].
Second, the ocean absorbs CO2 on average all across the lower density
surface as the
waters cool by radiation
to space on their
return to the poles.
The
water is heated through contact with the rock and is then
returned to the
surface through a second borehole where it is used
to generate electricity.
Most of the latent heat contained in
water vapour is subsequently released
to the atmosphere during the formation of precipitating clouds, although a minor amount may be
returned directly
to the
surface during dew or frost deposition.
Tell me how the heat lifted vertically (by
water)
returns to the
surface?
Besides the total energy at any time, there is the question of the rate of transfer of energy as the warm moist air rises and the
water freezes in clouds and
returns to the
surface.
Then, as the La Nina of 1998/99/00 / 01 progressed, the trade winds, Pacific Equatorial Currents, and a phenomenon known as a Rossby wave
returned the remaining
surface and subsurface warm
water to the western Pacific.
As part of the planet's reciprocal relationship between ocean circulation and climate, this conveyor belt transports warm
surface water to high latitudes where the
water warms the air, then cools, sinks, and
returns towards the equator as a deep flow.»
The marine biota also redistribute carbon: marine organisms grow organic tissue and calcareous shells in
surface waters, which, after their death, sink
to deeper
waters, where they are
returned to the dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir by dissolution and microbial decomposition.
Water now
returning to the
surface having entered deep ocean during the MWP may be inducing release of oceanic CO2 in response
to altered pH, and this release could be expected
to provide the steady increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration (of at least 1.5 ppm / year) that is observed
to be independent of temperature variations.
However, I have repeatedly pointed out that the opposite is also possible because the deep ocean
waters now
returning to ocean
surface could be altering the pH of the ocean
surface layer with resulting release of CO2 from the ocean
surface layer.
In principle, a large enough
return flow of fresh
water from rivers and glaciers could reduce the density of the
surface waters sufficiently
to stop them from sinking, in which case the whole AMOC would stop.
As soon as the samplers
returned to the
surface, they were rinsed in Milli - Q
water, and the fluid was withdrawn.
Simple models and models of intermediate complexity show that if extra freshwater is added
to the North Atlantic (making the
surface water less dense), then the AMOC can collapse, and even when the anomalous freshwater forcing is removed, the circulation may not
return to its original state; under the same forcing, there can be two stable states for the circulation: «on» and «off».
Water travels in the depths with the thermohaline circulation for centuries before it
returns to the ocean
surface layer.
The cycle is completed when
water returns to the Earth's
surface in various forms of precipitation such as rain or snow.
«For those not in the know» La Nina is the direct consequence of the
return of trade winds
to their normal strength after a Nino so that renewed
surface wind stress plus the Coriolis effect generate upwelling of cool
water along the equatorial region: go read it up in any decent, old - fashioned text - book on physical oceanography published after about 1970....
«It is likely that the current powerful run of positive Pacific Decadal Oscillations is the pulse of warmth from the Mediaeval Warm Period
returning to the
surface with the consequent inevitable increase in atmospheric CO2 as that warmer
water fails
to take up as much CO2 by absorption.»
In short,
water evaporates into the atmosphere from both land and sea and
returns to Earth's
surface in the form of rain and snow.
As regards the second point you have
to remember that the
return of energy reaching the
surface is primarily affected by the speed of the hydrological cycle and by the extent of
water penetration and some of the
water penetration takes the period of the thermohaline circulation
to resurface.