Sentences with phrase «water vapour which»

However using the same technique (Planck - Hottel) for water vapour which has a partial pressure or concentration 100 x that of CO2 the extinction distance is much less at 120m (absorptivity 0.5734).

Bear in mind that the representation of clouds in climate models (and of the water vapour which is intimately involved with cloud formation) is such as to amplify the forecast global warming from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide — on average over most of the models — by a factor of about three (5).

Methane is an important part of the anthropogenic radiative forcing Methane emissions have a direct GHG effect, and they effect atmospheric chemistry and stratospheric water vapour which have additional impacts natural feedbacks involving methane likely to be important in future — via wetland response to temperature / rain change, atmospheric chemistry and, yes, arctic sources There are large stores of carbon in the Arctic, some stored as hydrates, some potentially convertible to CH4 by anaerobic resporation [from wikianswers: Without oxygen.

2) Methane emissions have a direct GHG effect, and they effect atmospheric chemistry and strat water vapour which have additional impacts

18) Despite activist concerns over CO2 levels, CO2 is a minor greenhouse gas, unlike water vapour which is tied to climate concerns, and which we can't even pretend to control

Yet traditional climate models claim that more co2 leads to more water vapour which leads to warming.

It's the greenhouse gas water vapour which brings that down 52 °C to the 15 °C.

Although the surface is now cooler again, the skies are also clear which again allows more sun through to warm the seas which produces more water vapour which rises to form clouds, and so on and so on.

But since it is linear, if the temperature rises then the water vapour will run away, because the higher temperature leads to more water vapour which causes more greenhouse warming which leads to higher temperatures.

I've been discussing climate change with lots of people at campaign stalls recently, and it has opened my eyes as to how far this «balanced» climate sceptic reporting is shaping the thinking of even those people who are concerned and want to see some action («I am aware that flying might make climate change worse, but I'll still do it because the warming may just be part of a natural cycle — I would stop if I was more certain»; «I am worried, but I have also heard that it is just water vapour which makes us warmer, so we just don't kow if this CO2 thing is true, everybody seems to have a different agenda» etc.).

Not exact matches

While developing a dialysis machine that could use distilled water, Kamen (who's perhaps best known as the inventor of the Segway) discovered the process of vapour - compressed distillation, or VCD, which is central to the Slingshot's operation.

The air around us can hold a lot of water which is called water vapour.

At the moment, the kelvin is defined in terms of the temperature at which ice, liquid water and water vapour can coexist in equilibrium — 273.16 K or 0.01 °C.

When burned, it produces nothing more than water vapour and nitrogen, which makes up 78 per cent of Earth's atmosphere.

Aerosol particles act as seeds, around which water vapour condenses into cloud droplets.

The water vapour can be separated quite easily, leaving almost pure CO2, which can be stored or used in other technical applications.

Outflow of water vapour has been detected from the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres, which is in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

According to the accepted view, the formation of the Earth released vast amounts of water vapour and carbon dioxide, which formed a thick atmosphere and caused strong greenhouse warming at a time when the Sun was 15 to 20 per cent fainter than today.

Scientists currently define the kelvin and the degree Celsius using the temperature of the triple point of water — the point at which liquid water, solid ice and water vapour can all exist in equilibrium.

Astronomers have detected water vapour in the atmosphere of 51 Pegasi b — which lies just 50 light years away

Those data, to be collected this year and next, could improve climate models, which account poorly for these atmospheric interactions and contain «horrific» uncertainties about the levels and behaviour of water vapour at stratospheric altitudes, Austin says.

O'Donoghue and his colleagues» calculations showed that these dark bands are magnetically linked with the densest and most brilliant of Saturn's rings, which are made of orbiting chunks of ice and water vapour.

Sure enough, the team's calculations showed that the dark bands are magnetically linked with the densest and most brilliant of Saturn's rings, which are made of orbiting chunks of ice and water vapour.

The result is that when water vapour processes are correctly represented, the sensitivity of the climate to a doubling of carbon dioxide — which will occur in the next 50 years — means we can expect a temperature increase of at least 4 °C by 2100.

So far, only water vapour has been detected — unlike the plumes on Enceladus, which also contain ice and dust particles.

The radiative properties of water vapour are accounted for in all the models used in the IPCC reports which attribute a significant portion of recent warming to anthropogenic effects.

This heat melts the ice, which turns into water vapour.

There are two new science papers, which indicate that all seven could have water in some form, ranging from vapour to liquid to ice, depending on their distance from the star and other factors.

There are two new science papers, which indicate that all seven could have water in some form, ranging from vapour to liquid to ice, depending on their distance...

They got 10 pages in Science, which is a lot, but in it they cover radiation balance, 1D and 3D modelling, climate sensitivity, the main feedbacks (water vapour, lapse rate, clouds, ice - and vegetation albedo); solar and volcanic forcing; the uncertainties of aerosol forcings; and ocean heat uptake.

Initial data from the Cassini - Huygens spacecraft, which began exploring the Saturnian system in 2004, show that methane is indeed a minor atmospheric constituent but a very important one, possibly playing a role analogous to that of water vapour in Earth's troposphere.

Let's say there is an initial change of 1 deg C. Which causes a change in CO2 giving 0.75 deg C, Which both causes a change in water vapour giving a total of 6 deg C.

And that additional water vapour would in turn cause further warming - this being a positive feedback, in which carbon dioxide acts as a direct regulator of temperature, and is then joined in that role by more water vapour as temperatures increase.

Gavin's model which says non-condensable GHGs «hold up» the water vapour lacks proof.

When the steam evaporates, the vapour is collected and condenses and then forms water — the distillate, which is what you drink.

The «Dew point» is the temperature at which an air parcel needs to be cooled in order to cause water vapour to condense (I'm sure you know that, but I repeat it for clarity).

ENSO changes the cloud cover and water vapour amounts and so you would expect it to affect the Top - of - the - atmosphere radiation balance which changes the overall amount of heat in the system.

The fact that different absorbers contribute to the net LW absorption is clear from IR spectra taken from space which show characteristic gaps associated with water vapour, CO2, CH4, O3 etc (Harries et al, 2001; HITRAN).

1998 was so warm in part because of the big El Niño event over the winter of 1997 - 1998 which directly warmed a large part of the Pacific, and indirectly warmed (via the large increase in water vapour) an even larger region.

Observations of the humidity in the upper troposphere and its relation with sea surface temperature in areas of deep convection point to an overall positive climate feedback by water vapour in the upper troposphere, which is inconsistent with the Iris effect.

Other feedbacks include forests, and most importantly, water vapour, which as the temperature of the atmosphere rises increases in the atmosphere (think tropical rain forest), and water vapour is a potent greenhouse gas (but it is not the «controller» of our climate because it does not accumulate in the atmosphere, only gases like CO2, methane and nitrous oxide do this) See Skeptical Science https://skepticalscience.com/co2-lags-temperature.htm

There's one piece to that jigsaw which is not often discussed: the primary feedbacks (water vapour, clouds), which ultimately determine the magnitude of the imbalance, are mainly dependent on surface temperature change rather than the mere presence of GHGs or related energy fluxes.

You really need to account for the vertical structure of temperature (the lapse rate), and if you want your model to get a number of basic things right you need to include spectrally grey absorbers — plus the additional mixing in the troposphere (which depends on convection, and hence affects water vapour feedbacks) etc....

According to Chen ea., the difference is not due to changes in clear sky radiation (too small, which may point to small differences in water vapour column), but in cloud cover.

To be sure, some of these effects (such as the impact of irrigation on surface water vapour, or land use changes on evapotranspiration) are not easily dealt with in terms of the tropospheric radiative forcing — a point that was well made in the National Academies report on radiative forcing (on which Dr. Pielke was an author).

It involves physical conditions which set the stage for evaporation, convection, condensation of water vapour, formation of clouds, and precipitation.

This means that the water vapour greenhouse effect feedback depends on the surface specific heat, latitude and altitude; all of which affect temperature.

They got 10 pages in Science, which is a lot, but in it they cover radiation balance, 1D and 3D modelling, climate sensitivity, the main feedbacks (water vapour, lapse rate, clouds, ice - and vegetation albedo); solar and volcanic forcing; the uncertainties of aerosol forcings; and ocean heat uptake.

The difference lies in the absence of water vapour in the descending column which then warms at a different rate to the cooling in ascent.

Many models have large biases in lower stratospheric water vapour (Gettelman et al., 2010), which could have implications for surface temperature change (Solomon et al., 2010).