The low - oxygen
waters of the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico result in smaller shrimp, and a spike in large shrimp prices.
Not exact matches
We continue to pour on the nitrogen, even as scientists report the existence
of 50 «
dead zones» where nitrogen has flowed from fields to
water, and resulted in an excess
of plant growth, a depletion
of oxygen and the extinction
of life.
The turbid, nutrient - rich
waters enter the Gulf
of Mexico, where, every summer, one
of the world's largest «
dead zones» appears off the coasts
of Louisiana and Texas.
Yet in
waters from the Sea
of Japan (aka East Sea) to the Black Sea, jellies today are thriving as many
of their marine vertebrate and invertebrate competitors are eliminated by overfishing,
dead zones and other human impacts.
When this
water, called submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), trickles through contaminated soil and rock, it can pick up and transport a variety
of ions, nutrients, and chemicals to the sea — including pollutants that contribute to coastal
dead zones and toxic algal blooms.
They're different from the so - called
dead zones that form at the mouths
of rivers whose polluted
waters prompt algal blooms.
«Similar to the «
dead zone» nowadays spreading in the Gulf
of Mexico, the soil crisis could have caused a worldwide expanse
of uninhabitable low - oxygen conditions in shallow
waters,» explains team member Henk Visscher
of Utrecht University in the Netherlands.
Jellyfish are among the only living things to thrive in the oxygen - starved
waters of expanding
dead zones.
These deplete the
water of oxygen and lead to «
dead zones» devoid
of life.
Scientists have long known that nitrate - loaded fertilizers run off from farms and city streets into bodies
of water, sometimes creating giant «
dead zones» hundreds
of miles downstream.
Eventually, the fertilizing effects
of these nutrients in surface
waters can fuel the growth
of algae that ultimately suck most
of the oxygen out
of large patches
of coastal
waters, creating what are colloquially termed
dead zones (see Limiting Dead Zon
dead zones (see Limiting Dead Zo
zones (see Limiting
Dead Zon
Dead ZonesZones).
A new study led by researchers at the Virginia Institute
of Marine Science reveals that land use in the watersheds from which this «dissolved organic matter» originates has important implications for Bay
water quality, with the organic carbon in runoff from urbanized or heavily farmed landscapes more likely to persist as it is carried downstream, thus contributing energy to fuel low - oxygen «
dead zones» in coastal
waters.
The researchers undertook the study in light
of concerns about decreasing levels
of oxygen in coastal
waters worldwide, and how the growing prevalence
of low - oxygen «
dead zones» might affect populations and management
of blue crabs and other coastal marine life.
Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Illinois - Indiana Sea Grant and partners recently found that
dead zones caused by hypoxia, the depletion
of oxygen in
water, are unexpectedly variable in Lake Erie, sometimes disappearing and reemerging elsewhere in the matter
of hours.
The lower oxygen levels can result in fish deaths, a loss
of biodiversity in the
waters, and
dead zones.
The Chesapeake
dead zones, which have been highly variable in recent years, threaten a multi-year effort to restore the Bay's
water quality and enhance its production
of crabs, oysters, and other important fisheries.
The causes are all human: overfishing wiping out key species, warmer
waters from a warming world, dying coral which supported millions
of species, pollution like fertilizers causing deadly algae blooms and
dead zones,...
A
dead zone in the Chesapeake Bay also has shrunk in recent years, Magnien said, because
of major advances in wastewater treatment, sediment and storm
water controls, soil management practices, and more selective and precise applications
of fertilizer.
«However, combined effects
of nutrient loading and climate change are greatly increasing the number and size
of «
dead zones» in the open ocean and coastal
waters, where oxygen is too low to support most marine life.»
And that is an awful lot
of land, with intensive agriculture being one
of the driving forces for the loss
of biodiversity, for nutrient overload
of the seas (those
dead zones of algae bloom), fresh
water pollution and soil erosion.
The
water of the 20,000 - kilometer (7,728 - square - mile)
Dead Zone, extending from the mouth
of the Mississippi River Basin to beyond the Texas border, has so little oxygen that essentially no marine life exists.
dead zone An area
of open
water where oxygen levels are so low that oxygen - dependent organisms can not live.
NOAA's National Ocean Service has been funding investigations and forecast development for the
dead zone in the Gulf
of Mexico since 1990, and oversees national hypoxia research programs which include the Chesapeake Bay and other affected bodies
of water.
The way manufacturers get around the problem
of the wet is usually through creating a
dead zone where the
water will fall out
of suspension, then the
water is collected and allowed to drain through a tube out onto the ground.
Areas
of the coastal ocean where oxygen is low or absent in bottom
waters, so - called
dead zones, are expanding worldwide (Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008).
The United States has trimmed excess fertilizer use since a peak in the 1990's, the scientists write, but runoff and releases from livestock operations still create big
water problems, most notably the Gulf
of Mexico «
dead zone» resulting from nutrients washing from fields and livestock around the Mississippi River watershed.
However, if one considers the enormous increase
of reactive nitrogen in our biosphere, due to the use
of synthesized fertilizer and the burning
of fossil fuels, its impact is not part
of the analysis, even tough this increase shows up in the eutrophication (nutrient enrichment)
of open
waters all over the world, resulting in excess algae, in some areas causing large algae blooms (as where they are going to hold the sailing regattas during the Olympics), red tides and
dead zone, as the 8000 square mile
dead zone in the Gulf
of Mexico.
And excess nitrogen fertilizer applied to the fields
of feed corn grown to satisfy the world's livestock runs off into streams and rivers, sometimes flowing to coastal
waters where it creates large algal blooms and low - oxygen «
dead zones» where fish can not survive.
Warmer
water holds less oxygen, and the researchers found that 94 percent
of the world's
dead zones are in areas expected to see a temperature rise
of 2 degrees Celsius or more by the end
of the century.
Natural processes, such as the churning
of ocean
waters, can form
dead zones on their own.
Blooms also remove oxygen necessary for animal life from the
water, creating massive «
dead zones» — areas where the oxygen is so low that the
water is inhospitable to life, suffocating large amounts
of fish and crustaceans.
Agricultural runoff, in combination with increased
water temperatures, has caused considerable non-point source pollution problems in recent years, with increased phosphorus and nitrogen loadings from farms contributing to more frequent and prolonged occurrences
of anoxic «
dead zones» and harmful, dense algae growth for long periods.
They report in Environmental Research Letters that they examined 740 different production systems for 90 different foods, to calculate levels
of land use, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fossil fuel energy use, the nutrient runoff that leads to eutrophication or «
dead zones» in lakes and rivers, and the potential for acidification
of the
waters.
Climate change can influence the distribution
of dead zones by increasing
water temperature and hence microbial activity, as well as reducing mixing
of the ocean (i.e., increasing layering or stratification)
of the Ocean — which have different temperatures, densities, salinities — and reducing mixing
of oxygen - rich surface layers into the deeper parts
of the Ocean.
This has a variety
of unwholesome consequences, most importantly the increasing number
of coastal «
dead zones» caused by algal blooms feeding on fertiliser - rich run - off
waters.
Dead zones — massive stratified columns
of oxygen - deprived
water — could become the new normal in oceans around the world as global temperatures continue to rise.
The
dead zones were created in large areas
of swirling
water known as eddies, which form when two or more currents collide.
While
dead zones are not uncommon near inhabited coastlines, where industrial runoff can trigger algae blooms that suck all
of the oxygen out
of the
water, they're now popping up in places scientists didn't expect — in the open Atlantic Ocean.
The effects on the world around us are also negative — excessive use
of water, sewage lagoons that pollute ground
water and
dead zones in the ocean from animal waste.
Dead zones form when excessive amounts
of nitrogen and phosphorous wash into waterways and spur algal blooms, depleting the
water of oxygen and killing fish, shrimp, and other marine life.
When
water loses most
of its oxygen, it creates areas referred to as «
dead zones,» where most marine plants and animals can not survive.
Carbon absorption can initiate a feedback loop in which underoxygenated
waters breed different kinds
of microbes that turn the
water still more «anoxic,» first in deep ocean «
dead zones,» then gradually up toward the surface.
When these organisms die and decay, they deplete oxygen levels, creating «
dead zones»
of hypoxic, or oxygen poor,
water.
Phosphorus is the biggest cause
of water quality degradation worldwide, causing «
dead zones», toxic algal blooms, a loss
of biodiversity and increased health risks for the plants, animals and humans that come in contact with polluted
waters.
But it is worth noting that though the Fish & Wildlife Dept. has ruled this fish kill a result
of natural causes, the Gulf
of Mexico has a severe problem with marine
dead zones, as New Scientist explains: «Summer
dead zones are common in the Gulf
of Mexico, caused by the large amounts
of fertiliser that get flushed down the Mississippi river, which triggers a dramatic drop in the amount
of oxygen dissolved in the
water.»
Pollution that impacts corals stems from a range
of sources, including agricultural run - off — the fertilizer from which can cause algae blooms that result in
dead zones — stormwater run - off from roads and urban areas into coastal
waters, and poorly managed wastewater treatment plants that allow effluent to enter the waterways.
As bacteria begins to devour the oil in the plumes, they could leave behind huge swaths
of water with little oxygen — massive
dead zones that would suffocate any life within them.
A new analysis
of 60 years worth
of water quality data, however, suggests that efforts to control the nutrients are leading to smaller and shorter - lived
dead zones.
The muddy brown color
of the Long Island Sound and the growing
dead zones in the Chesapeake Bay are the direct result
of inadequate
water filtration — a job that was once carried out by menhaden.
Fertilizer Pollution /
Dead Zones: Factory farming deposits high amounts
of nitrogen, phosphorous, and other fertilizers, which end up in drinking
water, and is also linked to decreasing grassland biodiversity.