The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic
waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.
Warm and saline
water transported poleward cools at the surface when it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.
Not exact matches
In any case, ocean data showed a slight slowing of the
poleward water transport, not the increase that the AMO explanation called for.
I would suggest these small aerosols have a large effect on the saturated adiabatic cooling and heating cycles and the
transport of
water vapor latent heat
poleward.
Is less
poleward transport of heat by the Gulf Stream as the AMOC weakens a positive feedback for global warming, since that energy will escape more slowly in the humid (higher
water vapor GHG effect) tropics than near the poles?
An important one is additional
poleward energy
transport, but contributions from local high - latitude
water vapour, cloud and temperature feedbacks have also been found.
Conversely, during low solar activity during the Little Ice Age,
transport of warm
water was reduced by 10 % and Arctic sea ice increased.17 Although it is not a situation I would ever hope for, if history repeats itself, then natural climate dynamics of the past suggest, the current drop in the sun's output will produce a similar cooler climate, and it will likely be detected first as a slow down in the
poleward transport of ocean heat.22 Should we prepare for this possibility?
Before 2006, our warm salt subduction mechanism does not allow the Atlantic to cool when its subpolar salinity was increasing, because
poleward transport of warm salty
water and increasing subpolar subduction are parts of the same mechanism of enhanced AMOC upper - ocean
transport.
Similar to the return flow in a household heating system, these currents
transport colder
waters into the tropics where they are heated and
transported poleward in the western boundary currents.
To ascertain with confidence the extent to which deep
water production impacts the ocean's meridional circulation and hence the ocean's contributions to the global
poleward heat flux, continuous measures of trans - basin mass and heat
transports are needed.
Because saltier
water is denser and thus more likely to sink, the
transport of salt
poleward into the North Atlantic provides a potentially destabilizing advective feedback to the AMOC (Stommel, 1961); i.e., a reduction in the strength of the AMOC would lead to less salt being
transported into the North Atlantic, and hence a further reduction in the AMOC would ensue.
MOCHA array — provide a means to evaluate intergyre connectivity within the North Atlantic and allow for a determination of how and whether deep
water mass formation impacts overturning and
poleward heat and freshwater
transports throughout the North Atlantic.
There is also an increasing
poleward transport of
water vapour from lower latitudes.
Secondly, though the models assume that the concentration of
water vapor will increase in the tropical mid-troposphere as the space occupied by the atmosphere warms, advection
transports much of the additional
water vapor
poleward from the tropics at that altitude.