In this excerpt from Phaidon's Art and Feminism compendium, scholar Peggy Phelan traces the history of second -
wave feminism in the art world — and details how its problematic history should be rigorously debated, not simply celebrated or ignored.
Woodman hypothesizes that with the rise of second
wave feminism in the 1960s, curators began to feel self - conscious about curating all male shows, and rightfully so.
Pants weren't really popular for women and weren't worn en masse until after the sexual revolution and second -
wave feminism in the late 1960s and 1970s.
Feminism of the primitive observance meets Third -
wave feminism in this unusual story.
At its heart, complementarianism is a religious reaction to second -
wave feminism in America.
The concept of feminism as an official movement (first
wave feminism in the late 1800s) was borne out of the concept of solidarity and sisterhood.
Not exact matches
On Aug. 26, 1970, 50,000 women marched down New York City's Fifth Avenue
in an undeniable display of the strength of second -
wave feminism.
It is interesting how the first
wave of
feminism was deeply rooted
in the Christian faith.
Second
wave feminism might have been strangled
in the cradle.
«The unmasking of the false universalism of «women's experience»
in the so - called third
wave of Christian
feminism has complicated appeals to the «liberation of women as the goal of feminist theology,» Pauw says.
There are more women over the last forty years (since second
wave feminism) involved
in public church ministry than
in the history of the church.
Over the last forty year, (since second -
wave feminism) the church
in North America has been on a steady DECLINE —
in numbers, soundness of doctrine and discernment.
While second -
wave feminism got so many things so very right, and made possible a great many of the career and life choices my generation of women enjoys today, many
in that group of feminist thinkers got one thing fundamentally wrong, and that is this: even for those of us who are also productively employed outside the home — whether by choice, necessity or both — our most valued, fulfilling role is the one we take on as mothers to our children.
«Like, here we all are, a bunch of baby boomers who went to college
in the second
wave of
feminism, dedicated to having important careers before having babies, and then paying gobs of money so science can give us what we want.
Ironically, the rapidly spreading Redpill awareness among men is going to finally help
Feminism transition into its 4th
wave: having babies early, then build a long career so that
in the long run after the kids are grown she is not dependent on anyone besides herself.
But Somebody's Darling is a very modern story about toxic masculinity, betraying an anxiety about the fading of the traditional male archetype (for the frat pack, vulnerability is equated with weakness), combined with the vile backlash against new -
wave feminism, which
in the real world we witness
in the abuse apologist and the normalizing of misogyny.
With 90 million people watching worldwide, King prevailed
in three sets (6 - 4, 6 - 3, 6 - 3), and the match became a cornerstone of second -
wave feminism, putting sports at the heart of a national conversation around gender equality.
The idea goes back to the late 1970s, when women who'd come of age
in the era of second -
wave feminism began starting scrappy adventure programs, outdoorsy relatives of the feminist music festivals and conferences that were then sprouting up around the country.
From early photo - text pieces, where Wilson dressed as a man who is impersonating a woman, to her performances as First Ladies Nancy Reagan and Barbara Bush, to her most recent works,
in which Wilson revisited the framework of her early photo - texts to investigate the role of a woman over 60, Wilson stands as an artist whose strong and humorous voice has endured and remained current through many
waves of
feminism.
Themes will include contemporary
feminism, new
waves in sculpture & technology as well as works displaying a strongly defined narrative of contemporary culture with an emphasis on originality and innovative usage of materials.
The third
wave of feminists that emerged
in the»90s allied with queer theorists and activists of color — and dismissed the previous generation's
feminism as too straight, white and privileged.
The ambitious show will build a comprehensive narrative around the art and influence of black women artists (Camille Billops, Beverly Buchanan, Lorraine O'Grady, Howardena Pindell, Betye Saar, and Carrie Mae Weems among them) who, during the beginnings of second -
wave feminism, «worked beyond and at times
in antagonism to Eurocentric narratives of
feminism and feminist art,» she says.
Produced at a pivotal moment
in her practice and
in the cultural landscape of Second -
wave Feminism, these series depict couples entwined
in various coital positions rendered with expressive gesture, exemplifying her keen understanding of color and composition.
Containing lilac dungarees, which were popular with West German feminists
in the 1970s, as well as some magazines and records, this little vitrine claims to represent the second
wave of German
feminism in its entirety.
All of the included artists are introduced as individuals prominent
in second -
wave feminism, defined as a past -LSB-.....]
The exhibition groups the artworks within five themes of second -
wave feminism: «Challenging Institutions and Canonical Traditions
in Art,» «The Body,» ««Women's Work,»» «Gender and Performativity,» and «Race and Ethnicity.»
Reaching maturity amid the uproar of second -
wave feminism, Ms. Simmons, now 68, captured a mood that was
in the air then and feels very timely now.
Third -
wave feminism called out the exclusions embedded
in the second
wave's goals, and more nuanced and inclusive definitions of gender and sexual identity are now written into law and protected.
I often work
in collaboration with performers who are experts
in my given field of inquiry — for instance military interrogation, tea party libertarianism, second
wave feminism, etc. — and within a structured framework we collectively build improvisations about politics, power, and authorship.
Like many women artists whose careers took off
in the 1960s, before second
wave feminism had fully taken hold, to a certain extent she suffered from a rather cruel type of double invisibility, overlooked
in relation to her male peers — particularly those associated with Pop art — but also not slotting
in easily to the politicised feminist networks of the 1970s.
Daignault's desire for a current feminist interpretation seems so urgent that the title for her new artist book (
in newsprint, like vintage Village Voice or Bay Guardian papers, and available as an exhibition handout), A — Z Volume 4: The Feminine Mystique, confronts second -
wave feminism with first -100-days-
in-office feminist rage.
Curated by Alison Dillulio and featuring works by 10 heavy - hitting artists including Wilke, Lynda Benglis, Harmony Hammond, and more, the show reads the artists» material experimentation of the 1970s
in light of the concurrent developments
in second -
wave feminism.
Just
in time to catch the first
wave of
feminism and the Vietnam war, Judith Bernstein's art addressed both, pointing out the absurdity of war and the absence of basic human rights.
For all the disruptive power of the first and early second
waves of American
Feminism, it should not be forgotten that women
in certain American states could not even have individual bank accounts until well into the 1970s.
The list includes artists who have played a role
in the feminist art movement which largely stemmed from second -
wave feminism.
There is an exciting new
wave of
feminism emerging
in the art world and it includes artists coming from the Middle East and Iran.
When you hear the phrase «women photographers» you probably imagine a series of images depicting the female body, some important event or a theme of modern third -
wave of
feminism women empowerment ever - present
in the media.
One might include «We Wanted a Revolution»
in this, which considers a historical moment — black women working within movements of avant - garde art and second -
wave feminism — between 1965 and 1985 but is mounted
in 2017; evidence, perhaps, that nuance and ambiguity are less palatable
in this political climate.
Born
in 1931
in New York City, Audrey Flack's adulthood was defined by Civil Rights Movements and Second -
wave feminism.
Typically,
feminism is discussed
in waves.
On the heels of the Civil Rights movement,
in a 1971 New York Times article, Toni Morrison made a terse assessment of the downstream effects of second -
wave feminism, as observed by black women:
Kogelnik, well known for her distinctive style, bright color palette, and close relationship to second -
wave feminism, employed a variety of media
in her investigations into politics, social critique, the space age, and the human body.
The curators of We Wanted a Revolution, the museum's astute Catherine Morris and the rising star Rujeko Hockley (who is now at the Whitney), reminded us that black women were at the front lines of second -
wave feminism — as artists, activists, writers, and gallerists —
in a show that was as vibrantly beautiful (notably the paintings of Emma Amos, Dindga McCannon, Faith Ringgold, and Howardena Pindell) as it was edifying.
Pindell draws attention to the dearth of black voices
in second -
wave feminism; thus, her work fits into the rubric of womanism, a corrective to white, middle - class
feminism, that was inspired by a 1983 essay by Walker -LRB-
Pindell draws attention to the dearth of black voices
in second - wave feminism; thus, her work fits into the rubric of womanism, a corrective to white, middle - class feminism, that was inspired by a 1983 essay by Walker (In Search of our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose
in second -
wave feminism; thus, her work fits into the rubric of womanism, a corrective to white, middle - class
feminism, that was inspired by a 1983 essay by Walker (
In Search of our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose
In Search of our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose).
Between the close of World War II and the start of the second
wave of
feminism in the late»60s, male artists creating abstract art dominated the Western art world.
From exhibitions of renowned and trailblazing artists such as Georgia O'Keeffe and Marilyn Minter, to a breakthrough survey of lesser - known artist Beverly Buchanan; from a long - overdue account of the centrality of women of color
in second -
wave feminism, to exhibitions with contemporary artists contemplating a future of equality, A Year of Yes pushes back against conventional barriers while expanding the canon.
I don't think that the work of Louise Lawler — probably the artist I feel closest to,
in relation to my subsequent work — can be understood without taking account of second -
wave feminism.
Kate Millett — the author of Sexual Politics and «a defining architect of second -
wave feminism» — died
in Paris this week while on vacation with her spouse Sophie Keir.
Feminist Art proper started
in America and Britain
in the late 1960s, during the so - called «second -
wave» of
feminism.