Regarding concurrent validity, the JW - DEQ version B showed
a weak correlation with the HADS anxiety subscale, which was expected (Table 3).
Doing this on a year - to - year basis shows NO apparent correlation with the absolute «globally and annually averaged land and sea surface temperature anomaly» (i.e. HadCRUT3), but does show
a weak correlation with the CHANGE in temperature from the previous year, for example:
Within the paleoclimate context, where the expectation is that each proxy is weakly correlated to the northern hemisphere mean (for two reasons: proxies generally have
a weak correlation with local climate, which in turn is weakly correlated with a hemispheric average) the LASSO as used by MW2010 is simply not an appropriate tool.
The 29 year observational record of September sea ice extent has zero autocorrelation, zero skew, and only
a weak correlation with the extent in the prior June.
Prior to the crisis, variation in the monetary base had a very
weak correlation with stock returns even on a coincident basis.
Despite the stronger rationale for looking at relative rather than absolute change in party support, the historical data show
weaker correlations with the former than the latter.
Subcutaneous fat on the other hand, lies directly beneath your skin and has
a weaker correlation with chronic disease.
Alternatively, the Work Pressure and Pace CPSPSC composite consistently had very
weak correlations with all PP indices.
In contrast, Agent of Change and Inevitable Change showed
weaker correlations with growth beliefs (r (399) =.21 p <.01 and r (399) =.16, p <.01 respectively).
Each parental measure showed
weak correlations with academic ability in the expected directions.
Not exact matches
Removing those companies (just 3 in this case) that each had at least a 5 % impact on the r - squared value, along
with the companies that had negative book values, reveals a
weak, 27 %,
correlation.
Finally, while inflation readings have disappointed since February, a
weaker dollar should ultimately contribute to driving inflation higher, as it has a three - to - six - month lagged
correlation with the Consumer Price Index.
A strong (
weak) safe haven exhibits negative (zero)
correlation with a reference asset / portfolio during market crises.
BTW I think the L&G Global fund actually tracks an «ex-UK» index, so that may risk too much on the
correlation with non-UK bonds (especially if we continue to import inflation
with a
weak currency... don't go there).
«The
correlation with amyloid plaque was there but very
weak; not nearly as strong as the
correlation between p - tau and cognitive decline.»
Other possible factors that might explain or influence the altruistic behavior — such as higher cognition (measured by brain size), hunting in groups, or stronger social bonds between group members — showed either much
weaker correlations or no
correlation at all
with helping behaviors.
They also found a statistically significant, but
weaker,
correlation between people's genes for BMI and actual BMI in partners: People had actively chosen partners
with similar genes to themselves, the team reports today in Nature Human Behaviour.
Similar results were found
with another index, the Mediterranean Diet Score; however, use of the Mediterranean Diet Scale yielded a
weaker correlation.
In addition, a
weak trend is suggested for a
correlation of disc sizes and an anticorrelation of disc temperatures
with the stellar age.
Average plateau rate of change is minus 0.01 degrees C / millennium (excludes MIS 7e)
with weaker correlation coefficient of about 0.5.
Perhaps surprisingly, total cholesterol has only
weak associations
with heart disease and diabetes —
weaker, in fact, than the
correlation between these conditions and plant protein intake (+25 and +12, respectively).
The level variable is highly correlated
with the school quality measure (percent proficient) used in the national analysis, but the
correlation between the growth variable and percent proficient is considerably
weaker.
This position is most prominently espoused by Jay Greene, the head of the Department of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas, who has argued the evidence for a
correlation between test scores and life prospects is
weak, especially
with regards to high - stakes testing.
Indeed this is true, although the
correlations they observed, as aligned
with what is increasingly becoming a saturated finding in the literature (see similar findings about the Marzano observational framework here; see similar findings from other studies here, here, and here; see also other studies as cited by authors of this study on p. 13 - 14 here), is that the magnitude and practical significance of these
correlations are «very
weak» (e.g., r =.18) to «moderate» (e.g., r =.45,.46, and.48).
While detailed research shows that stocks have a
weak negative
correlation with inflation, this relationship is not pervasive over place and time, and most researchers recognize the large amount of noise in the data.
The benefit of having specific sector funds in the portfolio is these sector funds don't always correlate
with the broad market and the
weak correlation usually provides diversity, which in the long run could improve the portfolio's overall return.
Large changes in cosmic rays are documented in response to magnetic - field variations (the Laschamp event of about 40,000 years ago is especially prominent)
with no corresponding change in climate, so any cosmic - ray influence on the climate must be very small (a
weak correlation can be obscured by noise; a strong control is almost always visible «by eye,» and clearly is absent).
In some specific contexts, they may be even higher, but evidence there is very
weak; i.e. the studies that do purport to show high numbers are typically conflate causality
with correlation (see point two below).
We know their understanding of statistics and their computer modelling is
weak, and they confuse
correlation with causation, but I believe they are using a deeply flawed logical fallacy to assert their conclusions.
Although latitude was also a strong predictor of N2O flux (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.47, n = 55), latitude and NO3 — were
weak covariates -LRB--- 0.29 Pearson
correlation), and latitude was not a significant predictor of N2O (p = 0.10) in a multiple linear regression model
with NO3 (p = 0.01).
For tree growth and recruitment, all nine tree species showed significant
correlations with stand - level competition, whereas the effects of climate change on tree growth were
weak for most tree species (SI Appendix, Fig.
Weak evidence, as noted, but you'd expect the
correlation with log CO2 to be better than linear, if not a lot better, if the relationship were actually logarithmic.
When the amplitude of the 1000 - year solar signal is adjusted by its wavelet power (figure 81), a high
correlation between North Atlantic iceberg activity and the 980 - year Eddy solar cycle corresponds to the periods when the 1000 - year solar signal is high, while the
correlation is low at periods of
weak 1000 - year solar signal, strengthening the relationship between climatic Bond events and solar activity, that has been acknowledged by multiple authors, starting
with Gerald Bond himself (Bond et al., 2001).
Numerous attempts to confirm these
correlations based on different climate models have shown that it is only possible if either the applied perturbations of direct solar radiative forcing are large (consistent
with a direct solar radiative forcing from the present to Maunder minimum ΔFP − M ~ 0.6 − 0.8 W / m2) or if the amplification of a
weak direct solar forcing is substantial.
Solar activity has increased from the early 1900's in
correlation with temperatures, solar activity has not «quieted down» the current solar cycle 24 has been
weak compared to solar activity during the latter half of the 20th century.
The
correlation with natural forcings alone is extremely
weak - only 0.02.
They found only
weak correlations between degrading land and rural population density and
with biophysical factors such aridity.
Finds that, in the Atlantic, variability on time scales of a few years and more is strongly correlated
with tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature, while in the western North Pacific, this
correlation, while still present, is considerably
weaker
Correlational analyses indicate that: there is a very
weak negative
correlation between turn - time and carrier's market share; turn - time is significantly negatively correlated
with frequency; there is a very strong significant positive
correlation between frequency and carrier market share.
Although the Response to Lack of Structure subscale significantly correlated
with the Japanese version of the Need for Cognition Scale, the
correlation was relatively
weak (r = −.15, p =.005, 95 % CI [−.25, −.05]-RRB-.
Many of the scales demonstrated
weak psychometrics in at least one of the following ways: (a) lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high
correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low
correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children
with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high
correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
Similarly, the presence of meaning had positive and significant
correlations (all ps <.01)
with the dimensions of CD - RISC, varying from
weak (r =.23, Spiritual influences) to moderate (r =.55, control), M =.39.
Finally, it should be noted that in the ICM - CFA Model tested, the
correlation of the Presence
with the Search factor was
weak but negative (− 0.10), in line
with Steger et al. (2006).
As expected, the
correlations of presence of meaning
with Depression, Anxiety and Stress were all negative and
weak but significant (ps <.01),
The Presence of meaning was correlated
with search for meaning
with a positive,
weak and non-significant
correlation (r =.23).
The
correlations of Presence of meaning
with measures of well - being were positive and significant ranging from
weak (r =.35, p <.01,
with Hope pathways) to moderate (r =.53
with life satisfaction, p <.01), M =.45.
Families
with poor communication and
weak family bonds have been shown to have a
correlation with children's development of aggressive / criminal behavior (Garnefski & Okma, 1996).
It showed
weak or non-significant
correlation with measures of social avoidance, fearfulness, and shyness, thus indicating discriminant validity.
Among the personality variables agreeableness, extroversion and openness to experiences had a stronger
correlation than negative emotionality and conscientiousness indicating relatively
weak links of these variables
with romantic inclination.
We found only one published study that evaluated the performance of the EQ - 5D in adolescents
with depression.34 This study found a statistically significant
correlation between EQ - 5D and depression - specific outcome measures, though this relationship was stated to be
weak.