From supramolecular synthons to
weak hydrogen bonds, Gautam Desiraju's research has impacted several areas of chemistry
They proved that
the weak hydrogen bonds in water partially get their identity from stronger covalent bonds in the H2O molecule.
The amalgamation of these techniques provided a fully characterized structure, one in which the dissolved carbon dioxide acts as a hydrophobe, having formed only very
weak hydrogen bonds to the surrounding water molecules.
Organic chemist David Leigh of the University of Edinburgh, U.K., and colleagues had previously discovered that they could slow the spin of rotaxane rotors 1000-fold with oscillating electric fields, which apparently polarize and strengthen
the weak hydrogen bonds holding a ring to its thread.
Weaker hydrogen bonds enable the ring in the structure on the right to spin up to a million times faster than in the structure on the left.
In a hair strand, the keratin molecules are mainly held together by two forces: chemical cross-links between cysteines (a type of amino acid) and
weaker hydrogen bonds.
His books on crystal engineering (Elsevier, 1989) and
the weak hydrogen bond in structural chemistry and biology (OUP, 1999) are particularly well known.
He is noted for gaining acceptance for the theme of
weak hydrogen bonding among chemists and crystallographers.
Reaching the high pressures required for the normally
weaker hydrogen bonds to break water apart requires a very small sample.
Not exact matches
While
hydrogen bonds are not «the
weak force» or even «a
weak force,» they are
weaker bonds than covalent
bonds.
«Previous research used reversible
hydrogen bonds to connect polymers to form a rubber but reversible
bonds are intrinsically
weaker than covalent
bonds,» said Li - Heng Cai, a postdoctoral fellow at SEAS and corresponding author of the paper.
Free radicals attack
weak carbon -
hydrogen bonds and are a major source of the kind of oxidative cell damage that can occur in conditions such as coronary artery disease, neurological disorders and retinal ailments.
In recent years researchers have achieved better performance with compounds such as lithium borohydride, in which the metal atoms form
weaker, ionic
bonds with groups containing several
hydrogen atoms.
The components are held together by relatively
weak and reversible interactions — e.g.,
hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking.
These
weak interactions, such as
hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π - π interactions, govern the assembly of everything from DNA in its famous double helix to the
bonding of H2O molecules in liquid water.
Water molecules in the solid state, such as in ice and snow, form
weak bonds (called
hydrogen bonds) to one another.
Individually they are
weak, together they form the cement that holds together a whole new family of designer materials sings the praises of
hydrogen bonds
These are stabilised mainly by
weak interactions — such as
hydrogen bonds, intramolecular interactions, and inter molecular dispersive forces, — between the backbone and the lateral chain of their amino acids.
It turns out that the answer lies in the interaction between the
bonds that hold the atoms in the water molecule together and the much
weaker bonds, known as
hydrogen bonds, that are the glue holding groups of water molecules together.
In 2008, Ludwik Leibler, a chemist at the Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution (ESPCI) in Paris, harnessed another (
weaker) type of
bonding —
hydrogen bonding — to make a self - repairing rubber that heals itself when two broken sides are simply compressed together.
At that temperature, carbonate (a
weak, non-hazardous base) can break the
hydrogen - carbon
bond.
The researchers compared the effect of two different substrates on the growth of the phosphorene nanoflake — a copper substrate, commonly used for growing graphene, which
bonds with the phosphorene through strong chemical processes, and a hexagonal
hydrogen boron nitride (h - BN) substrate that couples with the phosphorene via
weak van der Waals
bonds.
These protein crystals are held together by
hydrogen bonds, one of the
weakest chemical
bonds, and have an important role in defining the mechanical properties of silk.
The polymer and the agent form
hydrogen bonds,
weak electrostatic connections between polymer's
hydrogen and an agent's oxygen atom.
Protein - protein complexes show good complementarity in surface shape and polarity and are stabilized largely by
weak interactions, such as burial of hydrophobic surface,
hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces.