Sentences with phrase «weather balloon measurements»

Satellites and weather balloon measurements show that the stratosphere, the layer from 10 to 50 kilometres above the Earth, is indeed cooling (although this is partly due to the depletion of the ozone layer).

One thing that is remarkably consistent for all of the weather balloon measurements we analysed is that in each of the regions, the change of molar density with pressure is very linear.

Comparison of the experimental weather balloon measurements to our two - phase regime for the 21st December, 2010 (00:00 UTC), Norman Wells, Northwest Territories (Canada) weather balloon.

To calculate the molar densities from the weather balloon measurements, we converted all of the pressures and temperatures into units of Pa and K, and then determined the values at each pressure using D = n / V =P / RT, where R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J / K / mol)

Comparison of the experimental weather balloon measurements to our two - phase regime for the 23rd May, 2011 (12:00 UTC), Albany, New York (USA) weather balloon.

If you look from the surface of the Earth right up into the stratosphere, 20 miles above the surface of the Earth, what we've actually observed in weather balloon measurements and satellite measurements is this complex pattern of warming low down and cooling up high.

snip ---- «Indeed, satellite and weather balloon measurements have found little or no warming over the past 25 years, and other climate models project only modest warming»

Not exact matches

Susan Solomon and colleagues at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration combined satellite measurements and weather balloon data to track changes in the concentration of water vapour 16 kilometres up in the stratosphere, between the 1980s and today.

They analyzed ozone measurements taken from weather balloons and satellites, as well as satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes, which can also enhance ozone depletion.

Kalnay and Cai developed a more precise measurement by comparing one set of long - term temperature data recorded from satellite and weather balloons, which detect the effects of warming from greenhouse gases, with another set recorded at ground level by 1,982 weather stations across the continent.

In addition to the surface data described above, measurements of temperature above the surface have been made with weather balloons, with reasonable coverage over land since 1958, and from satellite data since 1979.

At face value, the satellite data is supported by weather balloon data, covers a much larger area of the globe than the surface - based data, and, as you pointed out, is free from the urban heat island effect and other potential flaws of surface measurements.

This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.

Temperature measurements retrieved from the hundreds of balloon - borne radiosonde instruments that are released each day by the various national weather services provide much more detailed information on the vertical structure of atmospheric temperature changes than is available from satellites.

The enhanced greenhouse effect is confirmed by satellites, weather balloons, airplane scans, and many surface measurements.

Measurements by weather balloons, the main method used to measure temperatures at the time, only test a small sliver of the atmosphere and are far from comprehensive.

The measurements from all seven of the weather balloons show the same three atmospheric regions (labelled Regions 1 - 3 in the figure).

For the measurements of each weather balloon, we calculated the best linear fit for each of the regions (using a statistical technique known as «ordinary least squares linear regression»).

For two of our papers, we analysed the temperatures at different heights in the atmosphere using measurements from weather balloons, similar to this one.

In this paper, we analysed publically archived weather measurements taken by a large sample of weather balloons launched across North America.

The weather balloon released on Friday morning from the New Orleans office of the NWS measured near all - time record levels of atmospheric moisture, higher than some measurements taken during past hurricanes.

These include measurements taken from land - based temperature stations (mostly using mercury thermometers), ocean buoys, ships, satellites, and weather balloons.

The ten indicators of climate change include measurements of sea level rise taken from ships, the temperature of the upper atmosphere taken from weather balloons and field surveys of melting glaciers.

Because the satellite data measure an average temperature through a depth of several kilometres in the atmosphere, they would be expected to compare better with upper - air measurements taken using weather balloons and radiosondes than they would with measurements at the surface.

I do not know the accuracy of the NCEP reanalysis data on upper tropospheric humidity, but the direct measurement of humidity by weather balloons seems preferable to the very indirect determination from satellite data.

This graph shows the predictions of various IPCC global climate models (lines with no squares or circles) compared to global temperature measurements made by weather balloons (circles) and satellites (squares).

Over the years the makers of weather balloons had come up with better methods of preventing or correcting for this effect, but because no one had taken these improvements into account, the more accurate measurements appeared to show daytime temperatures getting cooler.

At that time, there was insufficient observational data to test this prediction, but temperature measurements from weather balloons and satellites have since confirmed these early forecasts.