The winning proposal at this year's Challenge will help communities in Southeast Asia prepare for extreme
weather events in the region.
First, there's Department of Hydrology and Meteorology chief Nirmal Rajbhandari, who lists a string of undesirable
weather events in the region before lumping the wildfires into the mix and blaming it all on global warming:
Not exact matches
Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, without limitation: (1) the effect of economic conditions
in the industries and markets
in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate
in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including financial market conditions, fluctuations
in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, levels of end market demand
in construction and
in both the commercial and defense segments of the aerospace industry, levels of air travel, financial condition of commercial airlines, the impact of
weather conditions and natural disasters and the financial condition of our customers and suppliers; (2) challenges
in the development, production, delivery, support, performance and realization of the anticipated benefits of advanced technologies and new products and services; (3) the scope, nature, impact or timing of acquisition and divestiture or restructuring activity, including the pending acquisition of Rockwell Collins, including among other things integration of acquired businesses into United Technologies» existing businesses and realization of synergies and opportunities for growth and innovation; (4) future timing and levels of indebtedness, including indebtedness expected to be incurred by United Technologies
in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition, and capital spending and research and development spending, including
in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition; (5) future availability of credit and factors that may affect such availability, including credit market conditions and our capital structure; (6) the timing and scope of future repurchases of United Technologies» common stock, which may be suspended at any time due to various factors, including market conditions and the level of other investing activities and uses of cash, including
in connection with the proposed acquisition of Rockwell; (7) delays and disruption
in delivery of materials and services from suppliers; (8) company and customer - directed cost reduction efforts and restructuring costs and savings and other consequences thereof; (9) new business and investment opportunities; (10) our ability to realize the intended benefits of organizational changes; (11) the anticipated benefits of diversification and balance of operations across product lines,
regions and industries; (12) the outcome of legal proceedings, investigations and other contingencies; (13) pension plan assumptions and future contributions; (14) the impact of the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements and labor disputes; (15) the effect of changes
in political conditions
in the U.S. and other countries
in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate, including the effect of changes
in U.S. trade policies or the U.K.'s pending withdrawal from the EU, on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates
in the near term and beyond; (16) the effect of changes
in tax (including U.S. tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations
in the U.S. and other countries
in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result
in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of
events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including
in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted
in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is
in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued
in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personnel.
The main
weather event is a storm system moving
in over the
region Saturday night into Sunday.
With a series of severe
weather events in recent years, power providers across the
region have updated their plans to get ready for and respond to
weather, and
in some cases, man - made disasters.
And the worst is yet to come: As the global thermostat rises, extreme
weather events such as droughts and floods will become more frequent and intense
in many
regions, the United Nations warns.
Moreover, as climate change drives extreme
weather events in producer countries, food price increases could become another ticking bomb
in the
region.
Further, such extreme
events will affect other species
in the
region, which have long existed under more predictable
weather regimes.
In recent years, extreme winter weather events such as heavy snowfalls and severe winters have been occurring frequently in regions such as East Asia, North America and Europ
In recent years, extreme winter
weather events such as heavy snowfalls and severe winters have been occurring frequently
in regions such as East Asia, North America and Europ
in regions such as East Asia, North America and Europe.
The changing climate will enhance the wide variations
in weather that mid-latitude
regions already experience from year to year and bring an increased number of extreme
events such as heat waves and hailstorms, Busalacchi says.
b shows
regions that have experienced changes
in the frequency of long fire
weather seasons (> 1σ above historical mean) during the second half of the study period (1996 — 2013) compared with the number of
events observed during the first half (1979 — 1996).
The analysis also helps decision makers prepare resources needed for population movement
in response to future extreme
weather events, particularly
in the Gulf Coast
region.
While there has been a 70 percent increase
in heavy precipitation
events in the
region since 1958, most of that has been
in warm
weather rainstorms, Ken Kunkel, a researcher at the National Climatic Data Center
in Asheville, N.C., said.
Their report suggested that water and food shortages, combinedwith violent
weather events, could lead to massive upheavals andinstigate conflicts
in every global
region.
Through intelligent technologies that effectively manage the vehicle's torque distribution
in the
event of rear - tire slippage, S Q4 makes world - class automotive luxury an option for Chicago drivers even when the
region is subject to long stretches of winter
weather.
Some really interesting recent
weather events in the High Arctic have shown me the reality of a warmer polar
region, snow flakes do not melt
in an ocean -1.5 C cold, and ice does not form when its -6 C outside.
More severe and / or frequent extreme
weather events and / or hazard types are projected to increase losses and loss variability
in various
regions and challenge insurance systems to offer affordable coverage while raising more risk - based capital, particularly
in developing countries.
Whereas this has had noticeable, negative impacts that are expected to worsen
in every
region of the United States and its territories, including, among other significant
weather events and environmental disruptions, longer and hotter heat waves, more severe storms, worsening flood and drought cycles, growing invasive species and insect problems, threatened native plant and wildlife populations, rising sea levels, and, when combined with a lack of proper forest management, increased wildfire risk;
The NCA states: «Certain types of
weather events have become more frequent and / or intense, including...
in some
regions, floods and droughts.»
Whether or not anthropogenic climate change is exacerbating extreme
weather events, vulnerability to extreme
weather events will continue to increase owing to increasing population and concentration of wealth
in vulnerable
regions.
Of course,
weather and climate
events are only one of several considerations
in these
regions, and probably rank a way down the list of risk factors when compared with political and religious instability.
A wide range of extreme
weather events is expected
in most
regions even with an unchanging climate, so it is difficult to attribute any individual
event to a change
in the climate.
The researchers noted how many extreme
weather events had occurred
in a respondent's
region in the recent past, and examined whether such
events affected opinions on relevant mitigation policies (such as whether they were more likely to support coastal building restrictions after a hurricane).
The effects of
weather extremes on human health have been well documented, particularly for increased heavy precipitation, which has contributed to increases
in severe flooding
events in certain
regions.
Safa» Al Jayoussi, Executive Director / IndyACT, said: «Concrete steps were taken
in this year's COP23, now we need to move this into action toward pre-2020 ambition on the local and subregional level, especially from the Arab
Region were the extreme weather events are hitting very hard with highest temperature has been recorded in multiple locations this year, our region is the most vulnerable yet have the most renewable energy opportunities that are barely tackled yet.&
Region were the extreme
weather events are hitting very hard with highest temperature has been recorded
in multiple locations this year, our
region is the most vulnerable yet have the most renewable energy opportunities that are barely tackled yet.&
region is the most vulnerable yet have the most renewable energy opportunities that are barely tackled yet.»
The document also provides short synopses of the status of the climate
in different
regions, and describes the impacts of continuing and increasing global warming on the
regions, including increased incidences of extreme
weather events, as well as the loss of lives and livelihoods caused by these
events.
It remains the only paper to assess global economic losses from all types of extreme
weather events, not just a single source of hazard
in one
region.
Extreme
weather events such as typhoons and hurricanes are becoming more common
in some
regions of the world, while others
regions experience more punishing droughts and heat waves.
[2] Expected impacts include a sea level rise up to 6 - 7m, melting permafrost
in the arctic
regions, large - scale agricultural losses, increased water scarcity, a collapse of the Gulf Stream
in the Atlantic Ocean and an increase of extreme
weather events such as floods, droughts or devastating storms.
The table that accompanies the above passage from the IPCC's report, captioned «Extreme
weather and climate
events: global - scale assessment of recent observed changes, human contribution to the changes, and projected further changes for the early (2016 — 2035) and late (2081 — 2100) 21 st century `'» has the following entries for «Increases
in intensity and / or duration of drought»: under changes observed since 1950, «low confidence on a global scale, likely changes
in some
regions `'» [emphasis added]; and under projected changes for the late 21 st century, «likely (medium confidence) on a regional to global scale».
For instance, extreme
weather events in one
region may impact production of commodities that are traded internationally, contributing to shortages of supply and hence increased prices to consumers, influencing financial markets and disrupting food security worldwide, with social unrest a possible outcome of food shortages.
Certain types of extreme
weather events with links to climate change have become more frequent and / or intense, including prolonged periods of heat, heavy downpours, and,
in some
regions, floods and droughts.
Climate change is the long - term average of a
region's
weather events lumped together.There are some effects of greenhouse gases and global warming: melting of ice caps, rising sea levels, change
in climatic patterns, spread diseases, economic consequences, increased droughts and heat waves.
Distributed systems are spread out over a large geographical area, so a severe
weather event in one location will not cut off power to an entire
region.
The risk of a hurricane occurring is higher
in tropical, sub-tropical and coastal
regions, but the risk of a humanitarian crisis as a consequence of the
weather event is higher
in economically less developed countries.
This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines
in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high - latitude snow cover, changes
in Arctic -
region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme
weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon
weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps
in our understanding, and observational and / or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature / precipitation anomalies and extreme
weather events over northern continents.
Altered agricultural conditions, including extreme heat, expanded water demands, and increased severe
weather events, will affect food availability and cost, particularly
in vulnerable
regions in which child undernutrition is already a major threat.43 The decreased protein, iron, and zinc content of certain major crops has been demonstrated for plants grown under increased CO2 conditions, 44,45 carrying significant implications for child nutrition.
In 2010, the heat wave in Russia, fires in Israel, flooding in Pakistan and Australia, landslides in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme weather event
In 2010, the heat wave
in Russia, fires in Israel, flooding in Pakistan and Australia, landslides in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme weather event
in Russia, fires
in Israel, flooding in Pakistan and Australia, landslides in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme weather event
in Israel, flooding
in Pakistan and Australia, landslides in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme weather event
in Pakistan and Australia, landslides
in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme weather event
in China, record snowfall across the mid-Atlantic
region of the United States, and 12 Atlantic Ocean hurricanes were among the extreme
weather events.
Climate change is measured by evaluating continental to global trends
in weather over decades — not
events happening over a few days
in a little
region.
The recent flooding of homes, coal mines and power plants across the Balkans, caused by the type of extreme
weather event that will become more frequent with mounting climate impacts, demonstrate that sustainable energy policies are crucial components of security and sustainability
in the
region.
Before we should be impressed by any claim for high penetration renewable supply we should ask for an explanation of how it would get through the worst «big gap»
events in the
weather record for the
region.
Other forms of severe
weather are also closely linked to climate change, including a rise
in extreme precipitation
events in some
regions and increasingly severe droughts
in others.
As ever, it's hard to attribute any one
weather event to climate change, but what do warmer seas
in this
region mean for cyclone risk?
Extreme
weather events associated with climate change pose particular challenges to human settlements, because assets and populations
in both developed and developing countries are increasingly located
in coastal areas, slopes, ravines and other risk - prone
regions (Freeman and Warner, 2001; Bigio, 2003; UN-Habitat, 2003).
Examination of these studies indicates that variability
in temperature, precipitation, wind, and extreme
weather events is linked to transmission of mosquito - borne diseases
in some
regions of China.
Fishing, a major source of food for the
region, will also be affected by rising sea levels, making coastal land unusable, causing fish species to migrate, and an increase
in the frequency of extreme
weather events disrupting agriculture.