Sulfate wasn't a factor until oxygen appeared in the atmosphere and triggered oxidative
weathering of rocks on land.
Life on land, argues Schwartzman, has intensified the
chemical weathering of rocks such that carbon dioxide has been removed from the atmosphere and the surface temperature of the Earth has remained cooler than if life had not been present - a kind of inverted global warming.
And outside the energy sector: Biological CO2 capture via photosynthesis and storage in ecosystems (e.g. forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans) and / or agricultural lands (e.g. soils, biomass); and chemical CO2 capture via
enhanced weathering of rocks that natural react (albeit quite slowly) with CO2 in the air.
Over the years researchers have come up with a number of possible explanations: an ancient sea once covered the valleys; fierce winds carry the salt there from the surrounding oceans; the region sees a lot of hydrothermal activity; chemical or
physical weathering of the rocks raises the concentration.
There is a longer - term feedback associated with increased
weathering of rock by the more acid rain that will be produced by higher atmospheric levels of CO2.
Working with Professors Joydip Mukhopadhyay and Gautam Ghosh and other colleagues from the Presidency University in Kolkata, India, the geologists found evidence for chemical
weathering of rocks leading to soil formation that occurred in the presence of O2.
By comparison, the
natural weathering of rocks results in about 10 Bq of radioactive potassium - 40 making it into each litre of seawater.
Earth had mud before it had plants:
Weathering of rocks can create silt and clay, and microbes and fungi also erode rock material into ever tinier bits.
Now Dorian Abbot and Raymond Pierrehumbert of the University of Chicago have used climate models to study how dust from volcanoes and
the weathering of rocks would affect the thaw.
Natural sources of vanadium emissions include volcanic eruptions and
the weathering of rocks.
Traditionally, scientists studying nutrient cycling have focused on
weathering of rocks and nitrogen collection by bacteria — largely ignoring animals.
The weathering of rocks, as dull as it might seem at first glance, is a scientifically exciting part of this.»
Weathering of rocks can control Earth's temperature over geologic timescales, new geochemical data suggest.
The research team, led by Mark Pagani of Yale University, found that the critical role of plants in the chemical breakdown and
weathering of rocks and soil gave them a strong influence on carbon dioxide levels.
Eventually, over hundreds of millennia,
weathering of rocks will deposit all of this initial CO2 pulse on the ocean floor as carbonate sediments [168].
Life flourished in the Eocene, the Cretaceous and other times of high CO2 in the atmosphere because the greenhouse gasses were in balance with the carbon in the oceans and
the weathering of rocks.
As part of her Camden Arts Centre Ceramics Fellowship in 2013, Cummings created a temporary work in the garden exploring the natural formation of clay through
the weathering of rocks.
Life flourished in the Eocene, the Cretaceous and other times of high CO2 in the atmosphere because the greenhouse gasses were in balance with the carbon in the oceans and
the weathering of rocks.
Volcanoes add CO2 to the atmosphere, but
the weathering of rocks tends to suck it out of the atmosphere.
Eventually, over hundreds of millennia,
weathering of rocks will deposit all of this initial CO2 pulse on the ocean floor as carbonate sediments [168].
The two phenomena I described above will be of little help now, since
the weathering of rocks takes a while to have any effect and we can not control the Earth's orbit.
Higher temperatures hasten
the weathering of rocks containing lime (CaO).