The common
themes include: a shared negative experience of colonisation and cultural disruption, including in many cases catastrophic declines in physical, spiritual and cultural health and
wellness over multiple generations; the consequent desire among First Nations to regain Indigenous self - determination and self - governance in order to nurture healthy and happy future generations; the need to understand cultural differences in how the meanings of health and
wellness are understood and applied at the community, family and individual levels, and to therefore identify culturally appropriate responses, including traditional modalities and safe systems of care; the significance of cultural diversity between different Indigenous groups or communities within both countries; the differing needs and circumstances for Indigenous health and
wellness in urban, regional and remote settings; and the
challenges of delivering health services to remote communities in often harsh environments.