It is possible, he adds, that these persistent high - pressure zones may be produced by two well - known oceanographic patterns: La Nina and El Nino in the Pacific Ocean (which mark alterations in warmer and cooler conditions between that ocean's eastern and
western equatorial waters) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (which results from weather patterns between Iceland and the Azores).
Not exact matches
Record warmth was observed across much of the central and
western equatorial Pacific along with sections scattered across the eastern Pacific and regions of the
western Indian Ocean, particularly notable in the
waters east of Madagascar.
Three of the four warmest years since 1900 have been years with El Niño — the phenomenon in which warm
water from the
western side of the
equatorial Pacific sloshes east, increasing global temperatures.
During December 2015, in addition to much of the eastern and central
equatorial Pacific, the
western North Atlantic, the North Indian Ocean, the ocean
waters south of Australia, and parts of the Arctic Seas north of Europe were notably record warm.
7 During the winter, the Marine Bio Conservation Society states that the gray whales inhabit shallow coastal
waters of the eastern and
western North Pacific often sighted along the North American Pacific Coast between the arctic and the
equatorial lagoons of Baja California, Mexico.
During a La Niña, trade winds in the
western equatorial Pacific are stronger than normal, and the cold
water that normally exists along the coast of South America extends to the central
equatorial Pacific.
I've used JPL sea level animations to demonstrate
equatorial Pacific Kelvin waves during El Niño events and the much overlooked Rossby waves that return vast amounts of warm
water to the
western Pacific during La Niña events.
K. Billups, A. C. Ravelo, J. C. Zachos, «Early Pliocene deep
water circulation in the
western equatorial Atlantic: Implications for high - latitude climate change,» Paleooceanography 13: (1) 84 - 95 (February 1998).
Then, as the La Nina of 1998/99/00 / 01 progressed, the trade winds, Pacific
Equatorial Currents, and a phenomenon known as a Rossby wave returned the remaining surface and subsurface warm
water to the
western Pacific.
The process begins when strong convective activity over
equatorial East Asia and subsiding cool air off South America's west coast creates a wind pattern which pushes Pacific
water westward and piles it up in the
western Pacific.
The white areas off the Tropical
Western coasts of northern South and all Central America as well as along the Central - eastern
equatorial and Southeastern Pacific Ocean indicate the pool of warm
water.