This was elicited by the relatively high price of
whale oil as the whales got shy and scarce.
Not exact matches
But by 1900, production had reached 60 million barrels annually
as world markets replaced wood and
whale oil with petroleum and coal
as the fuels of choice.
Industrial
whaling, once a linchpin of the coastal economy, faded away
as whale oil could not compete with petroleum - derived kerosene.
Much of a sperm
whale's head is occupied by the spermaceti organ, a huge fibrous cask containing a milky, waxy material that was highly prized
as a lubricant and lamp
oil, and which to Nantucket whalers looked like nothing more than gallons and gallons of semen — hence the name.
«The study, titled The Behavioural Response of Humpback
whales to Seismic Surveys (BRAHSS), involved an air gun array —
as used for
oil and gas exploration,» Dr Dunlop said.
Also, it contained satisfying amounts of
whale oil and baleen, the keratin fringes and fronds that span its huge mouth and filter seawater, and that were, confusingly, sold
as «whalebone,» a substance so essential and ubiquitous it was the nineteenth century plastic.
Habitat is being disturbed and polluted by offshore
oil development in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, and
as CO2 warms our planet, the arctic ice pack is rapidly melting; the
whales are in danger from noise,
oil spills and deadly collisions with ships, while global warming is steadily melting their icy abode and reducing available food.
Other fats such
as lard, tallow, sesame
oil, perilla
oil,
whale oil, meat and egg yolk (all used in the traditional Japanese diet), and even from milk products (used in fairly large quantities today) will raise fat calories to something like 20 - 30 percent of the total.
During the Civil War, the Confederacy used peanut
oil as an affordable lubricant for locomotives due to a shortage of
whale oil.
This gruesome procedure is depicted in some detail, along with the decision to force Tom to crawl into the putrid carcass of the
whale in order to collect
as much
oil as possible.
Starring Chris Hemsworth
as experienced first mate Owen Chase, and Benjamin Walker
as the untested Captain Pollard, the film begins by taking us back to 1820 and to Nantucket, New England where the
whaling ship Essex has set off to find
whale oil to bring back to fuel the city.
The
whale tale forms the center of the story but, for me, it was the bit players that stole the show - the rays wallowing in the warm water under the pier, the sun fish snoozling close to the legs of the
oil rig, the green sea turtles «carrying their homes along with them like aquatic RVs» and the herd of dolphins vying with each other to perform the most dare - devilish tricks (I thought the collective noun for dolphins was pod, but Lynne refers to them
as a herd, and I'm not the landlubber to question her!)
The details about the
whaling industry in Nantucket and how
oil was extracted from the huge creatures are fascinating,
as are the facts and speculation about the physical and psychological ramifications the disaster had on the crew.
Western gray
whales are facing, the large - scale offshore
oil and gas development programs near their summer feeding ground,
as well
as fatal net entrapments off Japan during migration, which pose significant threats to the future survival of the population.
The cloud
whales have the ability to absorb different liquids or small objects, such
as water,
oil, or nuts, which can then be dropped or shot at objects.
When the International Convention for the Regulation of
Whaling was negotiated more than 60 years ago, the main aim was to sustain
whale stocks for their only economic value at the time —
as a source of
oil and meat.
Drilling and fuel shipping have also increased the chances of
oil spills, which would affect the bowhead and other
whales, seals, and walruses in the Bering Straight
as well
as the 12 million birds that nest and forage in the area every year.
It started
as early
as the 1800s when fisherman reduced the
whale population to use the blubber for lamp
oil.
These activities pose a major threat to Arctic cetaceans such
as the beluga
whale, especially the possibility of a heavy fuel
oil (HFO) spill.
I think the projections for decades into the future will prove
as sound
as Malthus» projections, the great
whale oil crisis of the mid-19th century, the terrible horse manure health crisis projected for cities in the early 20th century, Paul Ehrlich's predictions of doom, and the disappearance of snow and ice in the world that plagues us in 2015.
Usually this happens
as part of an economic restructuring, often related to new technology,
as when
whale oil was abandoned
as a lamp fuel,
as when farmers mechanized operations, or for that matter when the transition to agriculture occurred.
Meanwhile, even
as alternatives to
whale oil were developed, so too were powerful new tools for
whaling: the exploding harpoon gun that could be used to kill the blue
whale and other large, fast - swimming
whales, and the factory ships that could render
whales into
oil and meat on an industrial scale.
Mr. Rockefeller and Standard
Oil, by making Kerosene cheap and universally available
as a luminant, did more than Greenpeace will ever do to save the
whales.
Consider a case study of substitution offered by some of the Breakthrough Institute scholars who signed the Ecomodernist Manifesto: the replacement of
whale oil by fuels such
as kerosene, which, they argue, helped spare many species of
whales from extinction at the harpoons of the whalers in the nineteenth century.