According to the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), the primary overseer of research within the Department of Education, «scientifically based research» fits the following
criteria: It randomly assigns its test subjects to comparable groups; it yields reliable,
measurable data; if the study makes any claims about
what causes its effects, it «substantially eliminates plausible competing explanations»; its methods are clear enough that other researchers can repeat or extend them; and, finally, the study has been accepted by a peer - reviewed journal or equivalent panel of «independent experts.»