Sentences with phrase «what types of cell»

A signaling pathway is how developing cells get instruction on what types of cell to become, such as a liver cell, a skin cell, a brain cell, etc..

If edible beef is the goal, you don't want any hoof or fur mixed in with it, but as of now, scientists can not consistently control what type of cells are produced.

By repeating the experiment over and over, however, they are assembling a picture of what types of cells exist, how those cells function during tasks of place memory, and what kinds of connections they form with other cells.

«It really hasn't been explored when these activity networks — these collections of brain areas that start to work together in the brain — emerge and what types of cells and tissues they emerge in,» says Colin Studholme, Ph.D., a professor with joint appointments in pediatrics and bioengineering at the University of Washington and senior author of the paper.

By manipulating the signals that the cells see at a particular time, the researchers were able to influence what type of cell they become and how they are organised.

How stem cells decide what type of cell to become is another mystery, but scientists are finding clues to the answer.

For instance, stem cells seem to pick up chemical signals from surrounding bone cells about when to divide and what types of cells to create.

Learning what type of cell starts a particular cancer — the «cell of origin» — is extremely valuable, providing insights into tailored therapies that are most likely to work.

You can't always tell exactly what type of cells they are.

What types of cells?

This may include testing for parasites, evaluating what type of cells, infectious organisms, bacteria, or fungal infections are present, or collecting a skin biopsy in the case of a mass.»

Not exact matches

Different CARs determine what types of tumors T cells target.

«What this research shows is that they're using the same cell types with the same kinds of connections we see in the neocortex, but with a very different kind of organization.»

We wanted to understand what types of differences are always there, what is causing them, and what they mean,» says Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory and co-senior author, with Kelly Frazer of the University of California, San Diego, on the new paper, which was published in Cell Stem Cell in April 2017.

«If we fed the fish a specific type of fat, our technique allowed us to determine into what molecules these lipids were reassembled after they were broken down in the small intestine and in which organs and cells these molecules ended up,» Farber explained.

Since the cancer cells in both types of tumors were the same, the researchers compared the noncancerous cells present in the induced and transplanted tumors to explore what might be causing the T cell apoptosis.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

«Only by understanding the complexities of what happens in specific cell - types found in specific areas of the brain during this disease can targeted treatments for Parkinson's disease be produced.»

Researchers say their findings, published in Annals of Neurology, are «surprising» as the results differ from what has been seen in studies of brain regions that harbor other brain cell - types.

But like the medieval alchemists, today's cloning and stem cell biologists are working largely with processes they don't fully understand: What actually happens inside the oocyte to reprogram the nucleus is still a mystery, and scientists have a lot to learn before they can direct a cell's differentiation as smoothly as nature's program of development does every time fertilized egg gives rise to the multiple cell types that make up a live baby.

Looking further into the intestinal crypts of both the transgenic and wild - type mice, the research team made what they consider a surprising finding: Not only was HMGA1 causing the stem cells themselves to self - renew or proliferate more rapidly in the transgenic animals, but it was also increasing the number of Paneth cells, a type of niche cell known to support intestinal stem cells.

What he instead plans to do is turn the iPSCs into blood - forming stem cells, which when transplanted into the body would give rise to all of the cell types found in the blood.

Stem cells, the blank slate from which the body can build any type of cell it needs, are proving themselves capable of doing what was once thought impossible: healing broken brains.

«The type of inflammation we see in psoriasis is similar to what we see in atherosclerosis — a type of heart disease that involves the build - up of fats, cholesterol, and inflammatory cells in the artery walls,» Gelfand said.

The human brain consists of thousands of different types of nerve cells that are all formed out of what in simple terms can be described as immature stem cells.

«The takeaway is you should decide what type of solar cell you're using based on the type of climate in your area,» says Peters.

This allows users to determine either where their solar cell would work best or what type of solar cell they should use in their location.

Bioengineers should also take note, he says: They may need to consider what forces to apply to cultured stem cells to coax them into the desired type of cell.

She hopes to pinpoint which genes are expressed in each cell type when brain cells make long distance connections, and to make similar maps in other primates to chart what changed as brains rewired over the course of evolution.

As part of ENCODE, 32 institutions did computer analyses, biochemical tests, and sequencing studies on 147 cell types — six fairly extensively — to find out what each of the genome's 3 billion bases does.

What appear as stripes across the solar cell module are lines of either cathode - type or anode - type material.

The specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.

Part of what makes each cell type unique is its distinctive pattern of DNA structure and regulatory factors.

Now a team at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, in collaboration with the Allen Institute for Brain Science, has developed a new method that allows scientists to pinpoint thousands of mRNAs and other types of RNAs at once in intact cells — all while determining the sequence of letters, or bases, that identify them and reveal what they do.

«We're interested in learning more about what other proteins LRP6 interacts with, as well as how it acts in different types of brain cells at different developmental stages of circuit development and refinement.»

«We don't know what it actually does in the cell — what activates it, what it interacts with, and the specific type of DNA damage it repairs,» she says.

What's more, the resolution — the highest so far in these types of studies — was good enough to discriminate structures as small as individual cells.

We believe that each dog breed may correspond to one type of B - or T - cell lymphoma and so studies within and between breeds gives us a unique possibility to understand how the genetic background affects what type of tumor develops, and how its progression is regulated,» says Ingegerd Elvers.

What about the nucleated (eukaryotic) cell — cells of the type that make up higher plants and animals?

To determine what types of animals hCoV - EMC can infect, Drosten and colleagues infected cells from humans, pigs, and a wide variety of bats, the key natural reservoirs of coronaviruses.

They are responsible for adding sugar molecules to numerous different types of proteins, whether it's a cell wall, or it's a small signaling peptide, which is what's responsible for the phenotypes in tomato.»

«We want to know what the basic function of GATA - 3 in regulating cell biology is, although it has been shown that GATA - 3 is important for the function of CD4 + T cell type to clear extracellular parasites,» said Yisong Wan, PhD, assistant professor of microbiology and immunology at the UNC School of Medicine and member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Using tissue culture models of cartilage and the meniscus, Levenston's team stresses the cells and tissues and studies what happens to them structurally and biochemically — for example, whether different genes are expressed, whether metabolism changes, or whether different types of cartilage cells respond differently to the same stress.

But what chemical is involved depends on the type of cell within the bud.

Piwi - interacting RNAs are a type of small RNAs that associate with what's known as Argonaute machinery in cells that search for target RNA and shut it down.

The team immersed the stem cells in four different types of these cultures and analysed which genes they expressed in which environment, and to what extent.

The cell bodies make up what is known as grey matter, brain areas where particular types of processing happen.

One way of thinking about what differentiates a breast cell from a heart cell is that each cell type expresses different subsets of genes.

«We're approaching half of what, for example, I could probably type on a cell phone,» says neurosurgeon and co-senior author, Jaimie Henderson of Stanford University.

It also suggests that the type of impairments clones experience may depend on what kind of body cells are used as donor cells.