AYC uses a torque transfer mechanism in the rear differential to control rear
wheel torque differential for different driving conditions and so limit the yaw moment that acts on the vehicle body and thus enhance cornering performance.
Not exact matches
A 7.0 - liter V - 12 engine sits up front, sending power through a carbon - fiber driveshaft encased in a magnesium
torque tube to a six - speed sequential transaxle from Xtrac, where a limited - slip
differential distributes power to the 19 - inch diameter, 13.6 - inch wide rear
wheels.
The rear
differential can also apportion up to 100 percent of the engine's
torque to either
wheel.
It also shares an eight - speed automatic gearbox, a
torque vectoring rear
differential, electromechanical variable rate anti-roll bars and a rear -
wheel steering system.
Audi Q5 Audi's Quattro all -
wheel drive is based on a
torque - sensing center
differential, with the bias controlled by two sets of planetary gears and several friction discs.
STANDARD FEATURES: Compared to standard C63 AMG coupe ($ 62,302): +59 hp, +14 lb - ft of
torque Increased top speed of 186 Adjustable coilover suspension Wider (1.5 - inch front, 3.1 - inch rear) suspension track Forged 19 - inch
wheels Limited slip
differential AMG compound braking system w / 1.1 - inch larger brake rotors and red calipers Wider (1.1 - inch front, 1.6 - inch rear) fenders Composite front fenders Aluminum hood Front air splitter Unique front and rear fasciae Side skirts and rear diffuser in gloss black Sport seats w / red stitching Carbon fiber trim AMG sport steering
wheel Red seat belts Rear - seat delete
Drive is channeled to the rear
wheels via an automatic eight - speed
torque converter and a limited - slip
differential.
The
torque - vectoring rear
differential remains, but the all -
wheel drive brings the additional traction of driven front
wheels, which receive up to 60 percent of the engine
torque when needed.
If the prelude is an SH, it might have ATTS, which is basically an active
differential directing additional (up to 20 % if I remember correctly)
torque to the outside
wheel when turning.
Suddenly, a computer - controlled
differential was able to actively split
torque to the rear
wheels — allowing the
wheel with the most grip to take on the most
torque, improving cornering speeds, controllability, and most notably, turn - in response.
Here it drives all four
wheels through a seven - speed S - tronic dual - clutch paddleshift gearbox with a steady - state
torque split of 40/60 front to rear, a crown - gear centre
differential and Audi's
torque - vectoring Sport rear diff.
The X5 M, however, has a few tricks up its sleeve, including all -
wheel drive and a
torque - vectoring
differential.
Meanwhile, revised suspension improves handling, and a
torque - vectoring front
differential adapted from the Subaru WRX and WRX STI reduces understeer by applying the brake of the inside front
wheel during fast cornering.
Utilizing a center
differential with a multi-plate clutch, it normally sends all available
torque to the rear
wheels, but can deliver up to 38 percent to the fronts when the system deems it necessary.
When the twist action reaches the rear
wheels, it is channeled through a mechanical
differential lock which works chip in hand with the electronic
torque vectoring device.
The performance pack also adds bigger brakes and a limited - slip front
differential, so as we toss the GTI into corners, we readily feel the additional
torque being directed to the outside
wheels by the trick diff.
Mercedes» 4Matic is particularly sophisticated; it uses a fixed 45/55 percent
torque split with open
differentials at each axle, relying on electronic intervention and manipulation of the brakes to move the vehicle forward when a
wheel starts slipping.
Its
torque distribution is 40:60 front: rear, while V6 - equipped cars get Audi's sport
differential — which actively distributes power between the rear
wheels individually during cornering — as an option.
MSRP (with destination): $ 31,970 PRICE AS TESTED: $ 37,805 ENGINE: 3.6 - liter DOHC V - 6 Horsepower: 285 hp @ 6400 rpm
Torque: 260 lb - ft @ 4800 rpm TRANSMISSION: 5 - speed automatic DRIVE: Four -
wheel WHEELS AND TIRES: 18 - inch aluminum wheels 255 / 70SR -18 Bridgestone Dueler A / T tires FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four - wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited
WHEELS AND TIRES: 18 - inch aluminum
wheels 255 / 70SR -18 Bridgestone Dueler A / T tires FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four - wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited
wheels 255 / 70SR -18 Bridgestone Dueler A / T tires FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four -
wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering
wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering
wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum
wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited
wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip
differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited model.
It rides on 20 - inch
wheels, packs a 4.4 - liter V - 8 good for 530 hp and 553 lb - ft of
torque, sends its power to all four
wheels via a ZF eight - speed automatic, and offers an electronically controlled
differential, rear steering, and continuously variable dampers.
As with the IS - F, the V8 drives through an 8 - speed automatic box and a torsen limited - slip
differential or that
torque - vectoring unit that works by actively pushing power to the
wheel with the most grip, not simply braking an inside
wheel as most other systems do.
The 2016 Mercedes - AMG GT S comes with an electronically controlled limited - slip
differential, wherein computers precisely control the amount of
torque going to each rear
wheel.
An optional sport rear
differential can apportion
torque between the rear
wheels to help turn the car, reducing understeer.
It shares the regular X6's Dynamic Performance Control rear
differential, which can borrow up to about 1300 lb - ft of
torque from one rear
wheel and send it to the other.
Also new is the electronic
differential, which can divert
torque to the outside rear
wheel if the tail begins to slide instead of relying on the electronic stability system to brake the inside rear
wheel.
A
torque - biasing
differential puts the most force on the
wheel with the most grip, but viscous or plate type diffs work very well too.
This more straightforward, analogue approach has been taken with the limited slip
differential, which is a wholly mechanical Torsen type (the old car had a simpler GKN item), which can send up to 45 percent of the engine's
torque to a slipping
wheel.
Its chassis is aided by rear
wheel steering,
torque vectoring rear
differential and an electrically assisted anti-roll bar.
The rear
differential manages the
torque between the rear
wheels to maintain the angle of the slide, all the driver has to do is keep their foot pinned and point the front
wheels where they want to go.
A limited - slip
differential is integrated into the transmission, and the front motors can either power the car independently or send extra power to the outside
wheel when cornering for
torque - vectoring capability.
In either powertrain,
torque steer is conspicuous by its absence, banished with the help of Volkwagen's XDS
differential, which brakes an individual slipping front
wheel to mimic a limited - slip
differential, and which is standard on the Golf (again, in Europe).
A limited - slip center
differential directs
torque between axles, and traction control sends power to the
wheel that can best use it.
Among the goodies Porsche still charges extra for are the paddleshift steering
wheel, the highly desirable dual - clutch transmission, carbon - ceramic brakes, cruise control, a sunroof, electronic
torque vectoring in conjunction with a passive limited - slip
differential, and the indispensable Sport Chrono package, which includes active engine mounts and an overboost function.
The Enclave offers two all -
wheel - drive systems, a simpler system that is optional ($ 2,000) for the Essence trim and a more sophisticated system for the Premium and Avenir models ($ 2,300) that adds a twin - clutch rear
differential to shift
torque between the left and right rear
wheels in addition to between the front and rear — up to 40 percent to the rear in most situations — for both better traction and handling.
The system now features a lighter twin - clutch rear
differential to help distribute
torque between the front and rear
wheels, as well as from right and left
wheels.
(Volkswagen's 4Motion all -
wheel drive normally operates in front -
wheel - drive mode until the system detects slip, at which point the
differential can send 100 percent of available engine
torque to the rear axle.)
In practise this means not only the extra-strong tune of V8, but rear -
wheel steering, active anti-roll bars,
torque vectoring on the rear
differential to go with a centre Torsen diff (unlike the hang - on centre clutch of the Cayenne, for example) and ceramic brakes.
The
differentials can be controlled electrically, mechanically, or hydraulically and can send
torque to whichever
wheel will make the most of it.
The all -
wheel - drive system uses electronically controlled clutches in the rear
differential to send up to 50 percent of the
torque to the rear
wheels.
Featuring a «Twinster» rear
differential it can shuffle 70 percent of the engine's
torque to the rear axle and then 100 percent of that to an individual rear
wheel, which is what allows the Focus to perform in it's wild «drift» mode.
The reason for all that snap is hidden under the skin: the
differentials, the active
torque vectoring, and the symmetrical all -
wheel - drive that normally operates with a 9 percent bias to the rear
wheels.
The Urus» all -
wheel drive system utilizes a Torsen center
differential, enabling a wide front - to - rear
torque split range, and a mechanical rear diff lock for a subtle left - right distribution.
There is no
differential; instead, each front
wheel is connected to its own carbon - fiber clutch - pack inside the PTU — and they can be engaged individually to perform a
torque - vectoring function.
Powertrain Engine: DOHC 3.0 - liter turbodiesel V - 6 Power: 240 hp @ 3500 - 4000 rpm
Torque: 406 lb - ft @ 1750 - 2500 rpm Transmission: 8 - speed automatic Drive: Full - time all -
wheel with Torsen
differential
OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: AMG Performance package - $ 6550 Top speed rises from 155 mph to 186 mph +32 hp and +74 lb - ft of
torque Red brake calipers AMG Performance steering
wheel Carbon fiber engine cover Magno Alanite Gray in matte finish - $ 3950 Driver Assistance package - $ 2950 Distronic Plus w / Pre-Safe braking Active blind spot and lane keeping assist Limited slip
differential - $ 2030 19 - inch forged - aluminum AMG
wheels - $ 1790
And sure enough, this 5,185 - pound sport / utility vehicle — sorry, sports activity coupe, per BMW marketing — slows just enough for us to screech around a hairpin, where we promptly nail the throttle and let the all -
wheel - drive system and
torque - vectoring rear
differential figure out what to do with 553 lb - ft of
torque.
Our test car came with the sports
differential (a # 620 option) which improves cornering response by vectoring
torque to the outside rear
wheel, and which can be felt helping to push the A5 around sharper turns.
And there's the E-diff, whose calibrations this alters, a clever, clutch - controlled active
differential that sorts out waywardness not by inhibiting one rear
wheel but by pouring more
torque into the other.
The clutch plates in the four -
wheel drive system now have a higher friction coefficient, which ensures even faster and more precise
torque distribution to the front axle, while the rear axle still features a
torque vectoring
differential.
The limited - slip
differential is an electronically controlled,
torque - vectoring item and there's also rear -
wheel steering and dynamic engine mounts as standard.