Sentences with phrase «when aggregate levels»

Better it would be if the Fed, which is the main blower of bubbles through easy monetary policy, would pull back on policy when aggregate levels of debt in the economy get above 200 % of GDP, or, would allow us to go through recessions where there is significant pain, and liquidation of bad investments.

Not exact matches

The briefing is intended to highlight the differences in economic outcomes of individuals, households and regions observed when examining data in more granular detail than at the aggregate level.

But 18 - year - old substitute Che Adams had other ideas when he came on late in the second period, side footing home his first goal for the club to level the scores on the night, beore seeing his effort deflected in off a sprawling Eric Dier to level it on aggregate.

The Welsh Premier League side had been trailing 2 - 1 from the first leg, but Scott Ruscoe's side levelled the tie on aggregate at the Estadio Algarve after 37 minutes when defender Ivan Moya diverted a free - kick from Ryan Brobbell into his own net.

This means that if aggregate student choices during months when the foods served had provided nutrients that met or exceeded the recommended levels for these 6 nutrients per 1000 kcal, the MAR would be 100 % or more.

The team found that in the lower levels of the troposphere, where our weather occurs, the rate of entrainment is higher when convection is aggregated.

Paradoxically, however, the positive relationships between these self - reported measures of non-cognitive skills and growth in academic achievement dissipate when the measures are aggregated to the school level.

Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aLevel) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked alevel of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.

When it comes to student privacy, an enormous concern of parents and families, Thornton reminds us that the Common Core is not a mechanism for federal data collection — the federal government does not have access to the student - level data held in state databases, and federal law prohibits the reporting of aggregate data that could identify individual students.

Cross-sectional test scores are often highly correlated when aggregated to the state or national level.

The CREDO study released earlier this year showed that, in the aggregate, urban charter schools provide «significantly higher levels of annual growth in both math and reading» when compared to traditional public schools in the same regions.

My CEPR colleagues and I have used data from the 2014 - 15 field test to perform preliminary analyses of the reliability of students» survey responses and their validity, when aggregated to the school level, as an indicator of school performance.

Not one NYC charter host district can meet all three targets when the calculator runs for the district at the aggregated level, and only a third can meet two.

So, if I had my druthers, I'd focus on end - of - course tests for (say) Algebra and Biology and Am History / World History with aggregate data over several years by grade 12 to test the kids when they take the course, rather than a cross-sectional test for any given grade level.

That is, school performance declines sharply as schools» aggregate levels of student poverty increase, if and when states use combinations of growth and proficiency to evaluate schools.

At the school level, value - added means essentially the same thing — the measurement of how well a school purportedly grew its students from one year to the next, when students» growth in test scores over time are aggregated beyond the classroom and to the school - wide level.

Most appealing would be assessments that are classroom - based and individualized in nature, with the option of aggregating these sorts of data at the classroom and school levels when accountability comes knocking.

In fact, and rather, we have evidence directly from the state of Ohio contradicting this claim that he calls a «myth» — that, indeed, bias is alive and well in Ohio (as well as elsewhere), especially when VAM - based estimates are aggregated at the school level (see a post with figures illustrating bias in Ohio here).

When aggregating Current Yield for a portfolio level statistic, the weighted average of the Current Yield and market value for each security is used.

Aggregates that defy locally your primer version of physics and in so doing create albedo effects lowering temperature, precipitation events lowering sea level when over land and altering temperature left right and centre.

«An aggregated fleet of vehicles or chargers can act as a [demand response] resource, shifting load in response to price signals or operational needs; for example, vehicle charging could be shifted to the middle of the day to absorb high levels of solar generation and shifted away from evening hours when solar generation disappears and system net load peaks.»

When the global EF is decomposed into its six components (Figure 1), none of the five non-carbon land - use categories has any substantial ecological deficit — suggesting that depletion of cropland, grazing land, forest land, fishing grounds, and built - up land is not occurring on an aggregate, global level.

The headline points are: ● prolonged, persistent and deliberate bad driving and consumption of drink and drugs puts offenders in the most serious category with jail sentences of at least seven years; ● a combination of these features of dangerous driving accompanied by aggregating factors, such as a bad driving record, attracts sentences towards 14 years; ● careless driving under the influence of drink or drugs provides for a longer sentence, as the degree of intoxication increases; ● regarding mobile phones — an offender distracted by a handheld mobile phone when the offence was committed will be treated as particularly serious; ● reading or composing texts over a period of time at the wheel is also likely to result in a higher level of seriousness and offenders should serve up to seven years in prison.