Sentences with phrase «when covariates»

These figures present models probing the significant interaction terms by presenting the figures of the interaction coefficients and 95 % confidence intervals when covariates are centered at a one standard deviation below the mean, the mean, and one standard deviation above the mean.

In a simple model without covariates, conduct problems also predicted ASD / AS, but this relationship became negative (β = − 0.55) when covariates were added (Supplemental Table 9).

Not exact matches

Too many studies have not looked closely at ALL the contributing, or covariate, factors when studying the relationship between epidural analgesia and breastfeeding.

However, the covariate factors are difficult to separate when looking at epidural anesthesia and breastfeeding because, as the Cochrane Review concluded, there are other proxy reasons that may also contribute to neonatal health and the breastfeeding relationship.

When these variables were allowed for, the resulting ratios differed little from those adjusted for the six main covariates.

We find that different tissues have a different response over the time elapsed since death, but that when appropriate covariates are identified and taken into account, the impact of death on tissue transcriptomes can largely be controlled.

When the adiposity categories were adjusted for the same set of covariates (Table 6), individuals with abdominal obesity had a higher mortality risk (HR, 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.00 - 1.56; P =.05), although this relationship did not persist after further adjustment for fitness (HR, 0.99; 95 % CI, 0.79 - 1.25; P =.95).

Figure 3 shows the same coefficients from the race / ethnicity variables, with covariates included, when predicting participation in special education (these were in the second bar for each group in Figure 2 and now are in the first bar for each group in Figure 3).

While our data are fairly limited, and the results relatively imprecise, we find preliminary evidence that covariate choice matters, and that method choice matters, but perhaps only when comparing to a broader sample that includes students who did not apply to the program.

Analysis of covariance was used to determine treatment effects on students» knowledge of fractions when the pretest result was used as a covariate.

21, 36, 37), breed, maternal parity (1 — 5), sex of puppy (1/0, male vs. female), litter size (2 — 10 puppies), and age in months (14 — 17) when the dog returned for training were included as covariates in all models.

Tingley claims the LASSO is inappropriate for multi-proxy studies because LASSO is a method for sparse regression (i.e. most appropriate when only a small subset of the possible covariates are expected to have a true effect).

The relationship remained significant when per capita Gross Domestic Product was entered as a covariate as well as when latitude, a measure of historical climate as well as ultraviolet radiation exposure (Hancock et al., 2008), was controlled for.

In contrast to this, children living in the ACT show increased odds across all five developmental domains when controlling for covariates.

Bullying behavior has been shown to vary with the child's race, age, and sex, 7,8,32 as has the amount and type of television viewing.35, 36 The association between bullying and socioeconomic status, including parental income and education, has not been explicitly explored, but socioeconomic status has been shown to be strongly associated with externalizing behavior generally.28 Socioeconomic status is also known to influence both television viewing and parenting style.22, 36 Model covariates therefore included the child's sex; race (Hispanic, African American, or non - Hispanic / non — African American); the child's age when the bullying question was asked in 2000; and the parents» income and educational levels.

The analysis suggested that early depression was unrelated to later substance dependence when due allowance was made for covariate factors.

When data on covariates had been collected at both time points (eg, SES or household adults), we used covariates assessed at 9 months for the 9 - month ITSC predictor variable, and covariates assessed at 2 years for the combined 9 - month + 2 - year ITSC variable.

This finding persisted even when controlling for obesity at age 3 years, several postulated intermediates (including child bottle - feeding and television viewing), and ostensible confounders such as maternal depression, maternal smoking during pregnancy, child birth weight, and other relevant covariates.

Analyses indicated that the off - line venues in which respondents met their spouse also were associated with different levels of marital satisfaction [F (9, 12,252) = 5.65, P < 0.001], and these differences remained significant when adjusting for year of marriage, sex, age, educational background, household income, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and employment status as covariates [F (9, 11,466) = 3.87, P < 0.001].

These results were highly similar when general cognitive ability was added as a covariate.

It was found that serotonin level was a significant predictor of high CU traits even when antisocial behaviour severity was included as a covariate.

Univariate results of the differences between the two samples on children's individual developmental outcomes when controlling for covariates

When using the shared activities scale as a predictor of some outcome such as health, given the estimated reliability of 0.61 for this scale, a regression model using this as a covariate will underestimate the true association between shared activities and the outcome.

Previous studies have documented that smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with offspring externalizing problems, even when measured covariates were used to control for possible confounds.