Sentences with phrase «when nerve cells»

33) Progressive Retinal Atrophy — this disease of the eye is when the nerve cells at the back of the eyeball slowly degenerate (or fail), which can lead to blindness.

Cognitive dysfunction happens when nerve cells start to die and there is malfunction in nerve communication, similar to Alzheimer's in humans.

Simply put, neurodegenerative diseases happen when nerve cells in the brain deteriorate and die.

Alzheimers, for example, occurs when nerve cells are destroyed and memory formation and recall are consequently lost.

I will talk about our studies investigating what happens when nerve cells make new connections in vitro, i.e. in cell culture.

There is a significant decrease in the level of calcium when nerve cells are affected by Parkinson's disease.

When nerve cells receive a signal of pain or other sensation, the signal opens sodium channels and floods the cell with positively charged sodium ions, which positively charge the neurons until the electrochemistry changes enough to inactivate the channels and close them.

When nerve cells are injured so severely, surrounding cells also die off in the hours after the trauma.

The team, led by Mark Mayford, created a mouse with a specific gene that produces the protein hM3Dq when nerve cells with this gene become active, leaving the protein attached to the cell.

In prior, unrelated experiments, the same species of worm had become hypersensitive to smell when its nerve cells experienced problems with dopamine signaling, a cellular process that helps control how readily cells can communicate with one another.

«We have shown that pericytes initiate the increase in blood flow seen when nerve cells become active, so we now know that functional imaging signals are caused by a pericyte - mediated increase of capillary diameter.

«Although, both ketamine and memantine have similar actions when nerve cells are active, under resting conditions, memantine is less effective in blocking nerve cell communication compared to ketamine, This fundamental difference in their action could explain why memantine has not been effective as a rapid antidepressant» said Dr. Monteggia, who holds the Ginny and John Eulich Professorship in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Pain or itching sensations begin when a nerve cell on the surface of the body reacts to a stimulus, starting a chain reaction that moves from cell to cell.

To see what would happen when nerve cell impulses were heightened, Shatz and postdocs injected rats with a drug that causes seizures.

When a nerve cell is activated, it sends an electrical impulse down its axon to the terminal, which stimulates a vesicle within the terminal to migrate to the terminal's surrounding membrane.

Not exact matches

His research shows that in cases of hearing loss, the ear's nerve fibers become damaged before the hair cells do, and when those synaptic fibers reconnect to the hair cells, it's possible to regain hearing.

In a similar vein Mr. Percival Lowell writes: «When we have, as we say, an idea, what happens inside of us is probably something like this: the neural current of molecular change passes up the nerves, and through the ganglia reaches at last the cortical cells....

When swelling, bleeding or other products of inflammation occur inside a compartment, the increase in pressure on the capillaries, muscles and nerves can result in intense pain and loss of oxygenated blood to the muscle and nerve cells.

To help make ideas about energy more concrete, for example, the new unit will use a variety of analogies from more familiar physical systems (e.g., combustion and charging a cellphone battery) to help students understand those same energy - releasing and energy - requiring chemical reactions and energy transfer when they occur in living organisms (e.g., cellular respiration, creating a charge across a membrane in mitochondria and nerve cells) where the reactions are more complex and difficult to observe.

However, when the researchers grew nerve cells that had no p75NTR in their observation chamber, they found that virus transport along the axon is less frequent and much slower.

Found in the sensory nerve cells of vertebrates, TRPM8 typically sends a sensation of cold to the brain when activated by low temperatures.

It establishes a lifelong infection that leads to sores in affected tissues when active and hides in nerve cells during its latent phase.

Studies with mice show that specific nerve cells get turned on when they get in their nests — or anything resembling a conventional nest.

Glial cells in the spine may activate when pain - related neurons are firing, dosing both limbs with inflammatory substances that may trigger an excitatory response but that may also be toxic to nerves.

It's easy to understand why you would not want to be consciously aware of the intricacies of your muscle movement, but this can be less intuitive when applied to your perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs, which are also final products of the activity of billions of nerve cells.

When new information needs processing, the nerve cells can develop new synaptic contacts with their neighbouring cells or strengthen existing synapses.

Scientists long thought the transition from swimming to walking happened when fish transitioned from sea to land, as nerve cells gradually activated more and more specific muscles, taking the trunk muscles and wiggling spine out of the equation.

Interestingly, two additional Nature papers released simultaneously with the Regev and Kuchroo team's study revealed that ILC2 cells in the gut also express Nmur1, take on an inflammatory state when exposed to NMU, and live in close proximity to NMU - producing nerve cells.

When Lin's team repeated their experiment with nerve cells, they found that stimulating the quantum dots caused ion channels to open and the nerve cell to fire.

There was another intriguing connection: Acinetobacter are molecular mimics of proteins found in myelin, the nerve cell coating that the immune system attacks in MS.. That suggests the bacteria might trigger immune attacks that hit myelin, too, as when soldiers who inadvertently resemble the enemy get hit by friendly fire.

«The compounds identified in this study, when administered orally, both reduced the inflammation that is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and protected against the nerve cell damage seen in mouse models of the disease,» said Jeffery Haines, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow at Mount Sinai and the study's lead author.

They measured the concentration of calcium ions in the nerve cells to visualize their activity when a moth was stimulated with an odor.

When Laura Dugan, a neurologist at Washington University in St. Louis, heard that buckyballs absorb free radicals, she designed experiments to test whether or not buckyballs could slow down nerve cell death.

Steve: And that the thickness is networks of nerve cells joining together and then the thinness is discarding of some of those connections when the brain figures out they don't need them.

When patients had high levels of activated CaM kinase II floating around in their brains, nerve cells got overstimulated, and symptoms of OCD or a movement disorder could erupt.

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released by nerve cells in the brain when people or mice are under mild stress or concentrating on learning something new.

Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center recently discovered that these drugs also interact with specific proteins on the surfaces of nerve cells — which could also lead to increased pain when patients wake up.

«Instead of cleaning up when neurons die, the microglia assume they're under attack when they see too much cell death and kill nerve cells as collateral damage,» says Tanzi, who led the research team.

When syntaxin is folded, though, the bubbles can't stick to it and the nerve cell can't pass on its signal.

When the protein is unfolded, tiny bubbles filled with neurotransmitters can stick to it, fuse to the inside wall of a nerve cell and then break free into a synapse.

In separate experiments, when Rab32 rises in response to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, several things happen: The nerve cell fibers (both axons and the message - receiving dendrites) are shorter, mitochondria are bulkier than normal and their numbers spike.

When immune cells attack myelin, nerve cells can't send their signals.

When the optic nerve is injured, there are tears and swelling in the affected area that causes the nerve cells to die.

Zwiebel and colleagues scanned the mosquito genome looking for genes similar to those that generate fruit fly odorant receptors, proteins that project from nerve cells and initiate a biochemical cascade when they encounter certain molecules in the air.

When they bind a chemical compound drifting through the air, the nerve cell sends an impulse to the brain, leading ultimately to the perception of a smell.

The same signals that embryonic cells use to decide whether to become nerves, skin or bone come into play again when adult animals are learning whether to become afraid.

When a spinal cord injury takes place, extensions of nerve cells from the brainstem — the region of the brain where the command and coordination for urination takes place — become disconnected from cells in the spinal cord that control the muscles that squeeze or relax the bladder and open and close the urethra.

When the command is given, a complex array of nerves makes sure that the thousands of cells activate at once, no matter how far they are from the command nucleus.

When a branch at one end of a nerve cell, or neuron, is stimulated, an electric pulse races toward the main body of the cell.

When we experimentally increased the expression of the microRNAs in model nerve cells designed to replicate the conditions of HD, the cells lived longer, indicating that these miRNAs may promote cell survival,» explained lead author Richard Myers, PhD, professor of neurology at BUSM.