Sentences with phrase «when normal cells»

Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation whereby they grow and multiply without normal controls.

Researchers believe what dogs are smellling are the chemical changes that occur when normal cells are altered by cancerous ones.

Earlier studies had shown that when normal cells are transplanted into such mice, they are quickly converted into a diabetic state.

When normal cells turn into tumour cells, some of the antigens on their surface change.

When normal cells sense a shortage of nutrients, they can slow down to conserve their energy.

When normal cells are transformed into cancer cells, this epithelial tissue can take on the characteristics of embryonic tissue, known as mesenchymal tissue, which is comprised of unspecialized cells that will develop, as the embryo matures, into more specialized tissues.

Knowing that cancer cells have a different metabolic profile, the team surmises that this can inform when to treat cancer — when normal cells are quiet — to decrease toxicity, while increasing efficacy against the always - awake cancer cell.

Not exact matches

But in the lab, when the scientists manipulated human cells to be able to create the water bear shielding protein — called Dsup — they showed about half the DNA damage as normal cells.

Aneuploidy occurs when parts of chromosomes beyond the normal 46 are missing or added to a person's genetic material during cell division.

When the breast is empty, the cells of the alveoli return to their normal shape and breast milk production resumes.

The whole circle balances itself when raised estrogen stimulates the fat cells to bring the increased insulin back into the normal state.

Jaundice happens when too much bilirubin — a chemical that red blood cells release during their normal breakdown process — builds up in the blood.

Baylin and Johns Hopkins scientist Michelle Vaz, Ph.D., first author on the study, suspected that the interplay of epigenetic and genetic changes may occur when normal lung cells develop into cancer, but, Baylin says, the timing of such changes was unknown.

When the cell reproduced, unwinding its double helix and reconstituting it in new cells, X and Y replicated as well, their chemical bond just as stable as the A-T and C - G pairings in DNA's normal sequence.

«Inflammation occurs when our immune cells release inflammatory messengers, or cytokines, which is a normal response to disease.

When she compared the «healer» cells from the lupus mice with «nonhealer» cells from normal mice, she noticed several differences.

When injected together, they killed up to 90 per cent of polyps and left normal cells unaffected.

They found — as they did in the 2016 study — that when these cells expressed SOD1 mutants that predominantly form trimers, the cells died much more quickly than control cells containing normal SOD1.

Flies with hyperactive Rac seemed to forget the association faster than normal, and those with low activity seemed to remember longer — even when odours were introduced that should have distracted the flies or conflicted with their memories (Cell, DOI: 10.1016 / j.cell.2009.12.044).

When calcium was administered directly into the cytoplasm, however, the IgG - treated cells exhibited normal exocytotic secretion, as assayed by membrane capacitance measurement.

Calcium, however, puts a strain on cells — it is known to hinder protein - folding and metabolism when it accumulates — disrupting normal cellular function.

«When we switched off the support cells, the mice licked the air in anticipation of the milk only half as often as normal,» Masmanidis said.

When they examined mice genetically incapable of producing Helios, they found the animals beset by a T - cell and antibody attack on normal tissue.

But when the mutant mice were injected with about 200,000 stem cells directly into their hippocampi and retested up to three months later, the injured animals performed up to par with their normal counterparts.

When «depressed» mice and rats were given ketamine, the number of bursting cells was much lower, similar to the number in normal animals, Hu's team found.

But cells stop dividing and die when telomeres drop below a certain length — a normal part of ageing.

However, when the researchers corrected the genetic defect that causes DBA, the iPSCs developed into red blood cells in normal quantities.

When the Stanford team measured pyrophosphate levels in cultured cells derived from ank and normal mice, they found that the chemical accumulated in cells from the ank mice but decreased in the culture medium.

Although this is a normal process in embryogenesis to build new tissues, when it occurs in cancer cells it generates metastasis.

Moreover, the team compared TiY with a known vimentin - inhibitor, withaferin A (WFA) and observed that TiY has a stronger selectivity towards TICs than WFA, when compared with toxicity to normal cells and non-TIC cells.

The UPR is triggered when the normal functions of the endoplasmic reticulum — the cell's largest organelle in charge of making and folding proteins — are compromised.

The researchers have now reported in the journal Nature that the normal process of blood formation differs from what scientists had previously assumed when using data from stem cell transplantations.

In separate experiments, when Rab32 rises in response to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, several things happen: The nerve cell fibers (both axons and the message - receiving dendrites) are shorter, mitochondria are bulkier than normal and their numbers spike.

Theoretically, when the stem cells are returned to the patient, they will generate enough of the normal hemoglobin to counter the symptoms, if not eliminate the disease.

Although the Nppb - knockout mice lived a normal lifespan, when the researchers killed the receptor cells in the spinal cord, the mice died prematurely, suggesting that it could be dangerous to try humans, Hoon says.

Researchers know that, like normal cells, cancer cells start to die when the mercury rises above 43 ˚C.

However, when the researchers knocked out SIRT1 in endothelial cells of 10 - month - old mice, then put them on a four - week treadmill running program, they found that the exercise did not produce the same gains seen in normal 10 - month - old mice on the same training plan.

When a standard hearing test was performed on these hearing - impaired individuals, the responses of their auditory sensory cells and neurons, although normal to begin with, gradually worsened as the test went on as a result of the sounds used.

Men and women began dialing cell phones to check on relatives, some crying when they realized the network had crashed, overwhelmed by data traffic 60 times heavier than normal.

EMT is crucial for normal embryonic development, but also operates in wound healing, and when abnormally switched on, can enable the spread of tumor cells.

The most striking abnormalities were a markedly elevated white blood cell count of 28,500 per cubic milliliter (the normal level is about 5,000 to 10,000) and what is called a shift to the left, which refers to a large increase in the number of mature and immature granulocytes, cells that increase in number when an acute infection must be fought off.

«Even when they had defective mitochondria, the cells with the retrograde response and AMPK simultaneously activated during growth were able to live as long as cells with normal mitochondrial function.»

When scientists were able to prevent the excessive neurogenesis which occurs within days of the injury with a drug similar to one under trial for chemotherapy treatments, the rate of birth of new brain cells went back to normal levels and risk for seizures was reduced.

«When I discovered that normal cells had a memory, I nearly fell of my chair.

«What's still unclear, however, is whether the cells return to their normal state when acoustic conditions return to normal.

When the stress has passed, the number of misfolded proteins drops, the enzyme Lon would stop destroying the normal protein, and cells would start growing again, the authors found.

First author Adam Skibinski, M.D. / Ph.D., student at Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University, said «We've known for a long time that breast cells can lose their normal identity when they become cancerous, but we are now realizing that normal cells can change their characteristics as well in response to transcription factors like TAZ.

Gabriela Cabral explains: «When a stem cell divides, it doesn't produce two identical daughter cells as normal cells do.

By lowering the oxygen in the culture — adding nitrogen to cut it by more than half — the researchers found they could dramatically improve the percentage of stem cells capable of making normal sperm when put back into the testes.

When the researchers pretreated the heart cells with a derivative of the sedative drug benzodiazepine before subjecting them to conditions that mimic a heart attack, the cells» mitochondria managed to regain normal function quickly, in effect restoring a steady supply of energy that prevented the cells from misfiring.